Opposing functions of thymic stromal lymphopoietin–responsive basophils and dendritic cells in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis

A T-bet gradient controls the fate and function of CCR6−RORγt+ innate lymphoid cells

At mucosal surfaces, the immune system should not initiate inflammatory immune responses to the plethora of antigens constantly present in the environment, but should remain poised to unleash a potent assault on intestinal pathogens. The transcriptional programs and regulatory factors required for immune cells to switch from homeostatic (often tissue-protective) function to potent antimicrobial immunity are poorly defined. Mucosal retinoic-acid-receptor-related orphan receptor-γt-positive (RORγt(+)) innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are emerging as an important innate lymphocyte population required for immunity to intestinal infections. Various subsets of RORγt(+) ILCs have been described but th…

Differentiation of Type 1 ILCs from a Common Progenitor to All Helper-like Innate Lymphoid Cell Lineages

SummaryInnate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently recognized group of lymphocytes that have important functions in protecting epithelial barriers against infections and in maintaining organ homeostasis. ILCs have been categorized into three distinct groups, transcriptional circuitry and effector functions of which strikingly resemble the various T helper cell subsets. Here, we identify a common, Id2-expressing progenitor to all interleukin 7 receptor-expressing, “helper-like” ILC lineages, the CHILP. Interestingly, the CHILP differentiated into ILC2 and ILC3 lineages, but not into conventional natural killer (cNK) cells that have been considered an ILC1 subset. Instead, the CHILP gave rise…