0000000000427768
AUTHOR
A. Llopis Gonzalez
The evolution of breast cancer mortality and morbidity in Spain (1977?1988)
A study of breast cancer mortality and cancer morbidity has been carried out in Spain recently for the period 1977-1988, covering the population of the 17 Autonomous Communities and 50 provinces of the country. Data was obtained from INE, Instituto Nacional de Estadística (National Institute of Statistics), with age standardization using the indirect method. The different Autonomous Communities and provinces were compared in order to establish possible significant differences. The crude mean mortality rate was 21 cases per 100,000 inhabitants/year; Las Palmas, Gerona, Barcelona, the Balearic Islands, Navarra and Zaragoza have the highest mortality rates, with a proportional increment of 54%…
Wastewater treatment in Valencia city (Spain)
Our objective is to determine the changes in the wastewater treatment process in the city of Valencia by taking into account population changes during the period 1983–1990. We have consulted analytical data and information regarding this volume of water treated in a biological treatment plant of activated sludge; data was collected daily and introduced into a data matrix from which the distribution and central tendency measures were calculated. We then obtained the correlations of the different parameters according to population variations. We observed an increase in the volume of water treated during our study period: from 74,220 m3/day in 1983 to 183,850 m3/day in 1990. This was in contra…
Use of physicochemical processing in treating urban waste waters
The principal objective of the present study was to compare two clearly defined purification processes in two stages: the periods 1985–1987 (conventional) and 1988–1990 (physico‐chemical). In general, the mean concentrations obtained were lower in the second period. A z‐test for comparing means was applied, but no significant correlation was observed (p ≤ 0.05). The mean concentrations obtained (with some exceptions) are lower in the second period. With the passing of time, the total volume of sewage flow has increased, and hence the load of contaminants has become diluted. The use of physico‐chemical treatment prior to biological processing may be the cause of the increase in cost.
Parents' smoking habit and prevalence of atopic eczema in 6-7 and 13-14 year-old schoolchildren in Spain. ISAAC phase III.
Abstract Background and Aims Atopic eczema (AE) is the most frequent inflammatory skin disease in childhood in the western world. Several studies have reported a significant increase of prevalence in recent decades and the environmental factors implicated in its aetiology, including environmental tobacco smoke. This study aims to investigate the possible association of AE prevalence in Spanish schoolchildren aged 6-7 and 13-14 years in relation to their parents’ smoking habits. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional population-based study with 6-7 year-old (n = 27805) and 13-14 year-old (n = 31235) schoolchildren from 10 Spanish centres. AE prevalence was assessed using the International St…
Neumotórax espontáneo y presión atmosférica
In order to assess factors associated with spontaneous pneumothorax (SP), mainly climatic changes, a prospective study was undertaken of 62 SP episodes among patients admitted to our hospital during a two-year period, from January 1994 to January 1996. Atmospheric pressure (AP) changes were analyzed, with daily recording of the number of unusual changes in AP (increases above 95th percentile and decreases below 5th percentile) and how many of these changes were followed by some episode of spontaneous pneumothorax during the following five days. To measure the degree of this association between the emergence of pneumothorax and exposure to unusual changes I AP, the relative risk (RR) was cal…
Selective collection of glass containers in the Valencian Community (Spain)
Spanish legislation has recently adopted the norms defined by a directive of the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers, 20 December 1994, concerning containers and container residues. The purpose of the directive is to harmonize national measures for the processing of these products in member states. Thus, contributing to prevent or reduce their impact upon the environment both in the different member states and in third countries. To this effect, the directive requires the compliance within a given period of a series of recycling and processing objectives applicable to all the packaging and container materials on the market, including glass products. The aims of the present stu…