0000000000430230
AUTHOR
H. Schumacher
Major results from the first plasma campaign of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator
After completing the main construction phase of Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) and successfully commissioning the device, first plasma operation started at the end of 2015. Integral commissioning of plasma start-up and operation using electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and an extensive set of plasma diagnostics have been completed, allowing initial physics studies during the first operational campaign. Both in helium and hydrogen, plasma breakdown was easily achieved. Gaining experience with plasma vessel conditioning, discharge lengths could be extended gradually. Eventually, discharges lasted up to 6 s, reaching an injected energy of 4 MJ, which is twice the limit originally agreed for t…
Overview of first Wendelstein 7-X high-performance operation
Abstract The optimized superconducting stellarator device Wendelstein 7-X (with major radius , minor radius , and plasma volume) restarted operation after the assembly of a graphite heat shield and 10 inertially cooled island divertor modules. This paper reports on the results from the first high-performance plasma operation. Glow discharge conditioning and ECRH conditioning discharges in helium turned out to be important for density and edge radiation control. Plasma densities of with central electron temperatures were routinely achieved with hydrogen gas fueling, frequently terminated by a radiative collapse. In a first stage, plasma densities up to were reached with hydrogen pellet injec…
Bestimmung von 3,4-Benzpyren in Brotgetreide
Es wird eine Methode zur sicheren Abtrennung und Bestimmung von 3,4-Benzpyren in Brotgetreide beschrieben. Die aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffe werden nach Extraktion mit Nitromethan von gro\en Mengen wachsartiger Begleitstoffe durch Ausfrieren abgetrennt, sAulenchromatographisch an Aluminiumoxid fraktioniert und das 3,4-Benzpyren von anderen polycyclischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen chromatographisch an teilacetyliertem Papier getrennt. Die Bestimmung des aus dem Papier extrahierten 3,4-Benzpyren erfolgt durch Aufnahme von Fluorescenzspektren fester Losungen bei tiefen Temperaturen. Es konnen so noch 0,001 ppb 3,4-Benzpyren im Getreide erfa\t werden.
Technical challenges in the construction of the steady-state stellarator Wendelstein 7-X
The next step in the Wendelstein stellarator line is the large superconducting device Wendelstein 7-X, currently under construction in Greifswald, Germany. Steady-state operation is an intrinsic feature of stellarators, and one key element of the Wendelstein 7-X mission is to demonstrate steady-state operation under plasma conditions relevant for a fusion power plant. Steady-state operation of a fusion device, on the one hand, requires the implementation of special technologies, giving rise to technical challenges during the design, fabrication and assembly of such a device. On the other hand, also the physics development of steady-state operation at high plasma performance poses a challeng…