0000000000479804
AUTHOR
Elisa Heikkinen
KIELELLINEN ERITYISVAIKEUS – EI PELKÄSTÄÄN KIELELLISTEN TAITOJEN ONGELMA
Kielellisen erityisvaikeuden ajatellaan olevan ensisijaisesti kielellisten taitojen ongelma. On kuitenkin todennäköistä, että kielelliseen erityisvaikeuteen liittyy myös ei-kielellisiä vaikeuksia. Tämän artikkelin tavoitteena on luoda katsaus eksekutiivisiin toimintoihin ja prosessointinopeuteen osana kielellistä erityisvaikeutta. Tutkimusten perusteella näyttää siltä, että kielelliseen erityisvaikeuteen liittyy kognitiiviseen joustavuuteen, inhibitioon, työmuistiin, tarkkaavuuteen sekä prosessointinopeuteen liittyviä vaikeuksia ainakin osalla kielihäiriöistä lapsista. Kielellisen erityisvaikeuden kliinisessä diagnostiikassa ja kuntoutuksessa on syytä huomioida myös ei-kielelliset vaikeudet…
Enhancement of brain event-related potentials to speech sounds is associated with compensated reading skills in dyslexic children with familial risk for dyslexia
Specific reading disability, dyslexia, is a prevalent and heritable disorder impairing reading acquisition characterized by a phonological deficit. However, the underlying mechanism of how the impaired phonological processing mediates resulting dyslexia or reading disabilities remains still unclear. Using ERPs we studied speech sound processing of 30 dyslexic children with familial risk for dyslexia, 51 typically reading children with familial risk for dyslexia, and 58 typically reading control children. We found enhanced brain responses to shortening of a phonemic length in pseudo-words (/at:a/ vs. /ata/) in dyslexic children with familial risk as compared to other groups. The enhanced bra…
Event-related brain potentials to change in the frequency and temporal structure of sounds in typically developing 5-6-year-old children.
The brain's ability to recognize different acoustic cues (e.g., frequency changes in rapid temporal succession) is important for speech perception and thus for successful language development. Here we report on distinct event-related potentials (ERPs) in 5-6-year-old children recorded in a passive oddball paradigm to repeated tone pair stimuli with a frequency change in the second tone in the pair, replicating earlier findings. An occasional insertion of a third tone within the tone pair generated a more merged pattern, which has not been reported previously in 5-6-year-old children. Both types of deviations elicited pre-attentive discriminative mismatch negativity (MMN) and late discrimina…