Accessoriness of Cape Town international interest

Abstract This article assesses the accessory nature of the Cape Town Convention (CTC) international interest. It examines how certain aspects in which the accessoriness of a security right can manifest itself look in the case of this international institution. The conclusion is reached that the CTC international interest is a very accessory-flexible security right.

The Institution of Security Agent: A Comparative Study of Polish and French Laws

In many continental legal systems it was often problematic to grant a security right to an entity separate from the holder(s) of the secured receivables. Such arrangement was especially desired by the parties in complex lending structures with many creditors. To solve this problem various legal solutions have been created in different countries. In Poland and in France the special institution of a security agent has been introduced. Aim of this article is to compare those two regulations. The conclusion is that the French provisions better deals with the challenges posed by the entity separation problem. Security agent, collective security arrangements, entity separation, unity principle, s…

Zabezpieczenia akcesoryjne w kredytowaniu konsorcjalnym - problem separacji podmiotowej

Głównym celem rozważań zawartych w monografii jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie: czy w przypadku kredytowania konsorcjalnego możliwe jest, aby zabezpieczenia zamiast kredytodawcom przyznać agentowi zabezpieczeń, jednak przy założeniu, że zabezpieczałyby one wierzytelności nie agenta, a kredytodawców? Pytanie to w zasadzie wyraża jeden z głównych problemów badawczych niniejszej pracy, tj. na ile płaszczyzna podmiotowa akcesoryjności wymaga, aby zarówno zabezpieczenie, jak i zabezpieczone nim wierzytelności z tytułu kredytowania konsorcjalnego przysługiwały temu samemu podmiotowi (problem separacji podmiotowej). Natomiast w toku rozważań tego pierwszego problemu pojawią się kolejne. Po pierwsz…

Crypto-assets and crypto-assets’ subcategories under MiCA Regulation

The Openness of Civil Court Proceedings in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the adoption of several measures to protect public health during civil trials in Poland. Some of these measures have restricted the traditionally open nature of the trial by allowing for closed hearings to be held in situations not regulated before. This study examines such situations in the light of international human rights instruments, from the dual perspectives of internal (between the parties) and external (towards third parties) openness of court hearings. It is established that such hearings do not contravene international human rights instruments pertaining to a fair trial if the restrictions are well-founded and proportional, even though some …