0000000000535093
AUTHOR
Vicent Almenar
Polycentric Metropolitan Areas in Europe: Towards a Unified Proposal of Delimitation
Metropolitan areas concentrate the main share of population, production, and consumption in developed countries. They are likely to be the most important units for economic, social, and environmental analysis as well as for the development of policy strategies.
Measuring the shadow economy and its drivers: the case of peripheral EMU countries
We adopt a long-run perspective to investigate the size of the shadow economy and explore the trends in this area. The analysis is based on a panel of peripheral EMU countries over the period 1965-2015. Our empirical approach relies on a multiple indicators and multiple causes (MIMIC) framework. This approach is a variant of structural equation modelling (SEM). We used two sets of variables, (i.e. potential determinants and indicator variables) to estimate an underlying (unobserved) index that measures the evolution of the shadow economy. Ascertaining the relative importance of the shadow economy enabled analysis of its relationship with other institutional and social issues (e.g. corruptio…