Overview of the JET results

Since the installation of an ITER-like wall, the JET programme has focused on the consolidation of ITER design choices and the preparation for ITER operation, with a specific emphasis given to the bulk tungsten melt experiment, which has been crucial for the final decision on the material choice for the day-one tungsten divertor in ITER. Integrated scenarios have been progressed with the re-establishment of long-pulse, high-confinement H-modes by optimizing the magnetic configuration and the use of ICRH to avoid tungsten impurity accumulation. Stationary discharges with detached divertor conditions and small edge localized modes have been demonstrated by nitrogen seeding. The differences in…

Airborne measurements of the nitric acid partitioning in persistent contrails

This study reports the first systematic measurements of nitric acid (HNO3) uptake in contrail ice particles at typical aircraft cruise altitudes. During the CIRRUS-III campaign cirrus clouds and almost 40 persistent contrails were probed with in situ instruments over Germany and Northern Europe in November 2006. Besides reactive nitrogen, water vapor, cloud ice water content, ice particle size distributions, and condensation nuclei were measured during 6 flights. Contrails with ages up to 12 h were detected at altitudes 10–11.5 km and temperatures 211–220 K. These contrails had a larger ice phase fraction of total nitric acid (HNO3ice/HNO3tot = 6%) than the ambient cirrus layers (3%). On av…

G.P.10.02 Does δ-sarcoglycan-associated autosomal dominant cardiomyopathy exist?

Morphologie und Syntax im Projekt ALD-DM

Quest'articolo prende l'avvio dal contributo presentato al VI Colloquium Retoromanistich (cf. Bauer 2016) e offre un'analisi linguistica tra le varietà ladine e la quantificazione statistica degli aspetti morfologici e sintattici secondo il quadro teorico del progetto ALD-DM (Università di Salisburgo). All'interno del progetto, l'interpretazione fonetica e lessicale sulla base delle carte dell'atlante del ladino dolomitico (ALD) è invece già stata completata (pubblicazione della prima parte: 1998; della seconda parte: 2012). Dopo una breve introduzione al progetto, in quest'articolo si discutono tre aspetti morfosintattici (per es. l'omofonia delle desinenze verbali di terza persona singola…

Ice supersaturations and cirrus cloud crystal numbers

Upper tropospheric observations outside and inside of cirrus clouds indicate water vapour mixing ratios sometimes exceeding water saturation. Relative humidities over ice (RHice) of up to and more than 200% have been reported from aircraft and balloon measurements in recent years. From these observations a lively discussion continues on whether there is a lack of understanding of ice cloud microphysics or whether the water measurements are tainted with large uncertainties or flaws. Here, RHice in clear air and in ice clouds is investigated. Strict quality-checked aircraft in situ observations of RHice were performed during 28 flights in tropical, mid-latitude and Arctic field experiments in…