Solar heterogeneous photocatalysis for high added value molecules production

Ossidazione fotocatalitica selettiva di idrossimetilfurfurale in sospensione acquosa di nitruro di carbonio (C3N4) puro e trattato con H2O2 in un impianto pilota solare

In questo lavoro, viene confrontata l'attività del C3N4 sia puro che trattato con H2O2 per la conversione selettiva di HMF a FDC in mezzo acquoso e utilizzando un reattore solare su scala pilota.

Preparation, Characterisation and Testing of Photocatalytic Polymeric Membranes with Entrapped or Suspended TiO2

Various cellulose triacetate (CTA) or polysulfone (PSf) membranes with entrapped polycrystalline TiO2 were prepared by using different methods of the so-called phase inversion process. Porosity and permeability of the membranes increased by increasing the amount of entrapped TiO2 while rejection decreased. The photoactivity of entrapped TiO2 for the degradation of congo-red was compared with that of the same quantity of suspended TiO2 and the results indicated that TiO2 was always more efficient when used in suspension. A hybrid configuration consisting of a continuous membrane photoreactor with the photocatalyst in suspension showed to be the most promising one.

Genotypic resistance profiles associated with virological failure to darunavir-containing regimens: a cross-sectional analysis.

Introduction: This study aimed at defining protease (PR) resistance mutations associated with darunavir (DRV) failure and PR resistance evolution at DRV failure in a large database of treatment-experienced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. Results: Overall, 1,104 patients were included: 118 (10.7%) failed at a median observation time of 16 months. The mean number of PR mutations at baseline was 2.7, but it was higher in patients who subsequently failed DRV. In addition, the number of PR mutations increased at failure. The increase in the mean number of mutations was completely related to mutations considered to be associated with DRV resistance following the indications of the ma…

Foto-reattori a membrana per la valorizzazione del CO2

In questo lavoro è stata studiata la foto-riduzione del CO2 sotto irraggiamento con luce UV-Visibile, accoppiando per la prima volta la tecnologia del reattore continuo a membrana con l’utilizzo di catalizzatori a base di C3N4 puro o compositi C3N4-TiO2 dispersi in una matrice polimerica di Nafion.

Graphitic C3N4 for CO2 reduction: a photoactivity and stability study

Detection of drug resistance mutations at low plasma HIV-1 RNA load in a European multicentre cohort study

Background and objectives: Guidelines indicate a plasma HIV-1 RNA load of 500-1000 copies/mL as the minimal threshold for antiretroviral drug resistance testing. Resistance testing at lower viral load levels may be useful to guide timely treatment switches, although data on the clinical utility of this remain limited. We report here the influence of viral load levels on the probability of detecting drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and other mutations by routine genotypic testing in a large multicentre European cohort, with a focus on tests performed at a viral load <1000 copies/mL. Methods: A total of 16511 HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease sequences from 11492 treatment-experienced …

C3N4 for CO2 photoreduction: catalyst performance and stability in batch and continuous reactor

In this study, various C3N4 samples were prepared and characterized. CO2 photoreduction was carried out by using C3N4 as powder and coated on glass support in a batch reactor or embedded in a Nafion membrane in a continuous reactor

A novel methodology for large-scale phylogeny partition

Understanding the determinants of virus transmission is a fundamental step for effective design of screening and intervention strategies to control viral epidemics. Phylogenetic analysis can be a valid approach for the identification of transmission chains, and very-large data sets can be analysed through parallel computation. Here we propose and validate a new methodology for the partition of large-scale phylogenies and the inference of transmission clusters. This approach, on the basis of a depth-first search algorithm, conjugates the evaluation of node reliability, tree topology and patristic distance analysis. The method has been applied to identify transmission clusters of a phylogeny …

Doped Lanthanum Ferrite Perovskites: Promising Materials for Photocatalytic Applications

LaFeO3 perovskites both bare and containing 5 to 40 mol% of Cu(II) substituting Fe(III) have been prepared by the citrate auto-combustion synthesis method and used as heterogeneous photocatalysts for the degradation of 2-propanol in gas-solid regime under simulated solar light irradiation. The bare LaFeO3 resulted inactive, however the Cu(II) containing perovskite oxidized 2-propanol to propanone and eventually to CO2 and H2O. The most acive material resuted to be those with a 20% of Cu. Cu doping decreases the unit cell volume, and increases the distortion of (Fe/Cu)O6 octahedra, thus moving towards a configuration with four longer and two shorter bond lengths.

Carbon nitride-hydrogen peroxide adduct for selective photo-oxidation

Photocatalytic CO 2 Valorization by Using Ti O2 , ZrO2 and Graphitic Based Semiconductors

In this century, a broad scientific interest has been devoted to fulfill sustainable industrial processes and climatic change remediation. In this prospective, various green technologies have been studied to valorize CO 2• The aim of this research is the CO 2 reduction in presence of water by using the photocatalytic technology with nanomaterials as the photocatalysts. The present work overviews the main outcomes obtained by using graphitic and oxide based photocatalysts both in gas/solid and liquid/solid batch reactors under simulated solar light. In all gas/solid regime tests the major products detected were methane, carbon monoxide, and acetaldehyde.

Heteropolyacids supported on C3N4 and BN: Comparison between catalytic and photocatalytic alcohol dehydration

No pol mutation is associated independently with the lack of immune recovery in patients infected with HIV and failing antiretroviral therapy

An investigation was undertaken to determine whether specific pol mutations hinder long-term immune recovery regardless of virological response. In total, 826 patients with >50 HIV RNA copies/ml, who underwent genotypic resistance testing between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2003 after >3 years of antiretroviral treatment, and were followed up for >3 years after genotypic resistance testing, were analyzed retrospectively. The outcome of the study was the lack of immune recovery after >3 years of follow-up, defined as a slope by linear regression 50 copies/ml divided by the number of HIV RNA measurements during follow-up. Logistic regression was used for univariable and multivariable analy…