0000000000622623
AUTHOR
Timo Fabritius
Effects of Briquetting and High Pyrolysis Temperature on Hydrolysis Lignin Char Properties and Reactivity in CO-CO2-N2 Conditions
Carbonaceous reductants for pyrometallurgical applications are usually obtained from fossil-based sources. The most important properties of the reductants greatly depend on the application and the feeding of the reductant into the process. However, the mechanical strength, calorific value, fixed carbon content, and reactivity of the reductant are the properties that usually define the applicability of the reductant for different processes. The reactivity of the biochars is usually high in comparison to metallurgical coke, which may restrict the applicability of the biochar in reduction processes. One cause of the higher reactivity is the higher surface area of the biochars, which can be sup…
Leaching characteristics of Sc-enriched, Fe-depleted acidic slags
Scandium is currently classified as a critical raw material for the European Union, and several research projects focus on the search for new sources to supply to its expected increasing demand. The Kiviniemi mafic intrusion in Finland is a potential primary source for Sc; at Kiviniemi, Sc occurs mainly within the lattices of ferrous silicates, clinopyroxene and amphibole. Some of the main challenges in leaching of Kiviniemi-type feed material are related to either the complexity of Fe and Ti separation from Sc-containing solutions or a possible gelation problem when leaching a material with a high SiO2 content. According to preliminary beneficiation tests, direct acid leaching of the Kivin…