Development of an in vitro system to study oral biofilms in real time through impedance technology: validation and potential applications

ABSTRACT Background and objectives: We have developed a standardized, easy-to-use in vitro model to study single- and multiple-species oral biofilms in real time through impedance technology, which elucidates the kinetics of biofilm formation in 96-well plates, without the requirement for any further manipulation. Design and Results: Using this system, biofilms of Streptococcus mutans appear to be sugar-dependent and highly resistant to amoxicilin, an antibiotic to which this oral pathogen is highly sensitive in a planktonic state. Saliva, tongue and dental plaque samples were also used as inocula to form multiple-species biofilms. DNA isolation and Illumina sequencing of the biofilms showe…