Diversity of Omega Glutathione Transferases in mushroom-forming fungi revealed by phylogenetic, transcriptomic, biochemical and structural approaches
International audience; The Omega class of glutathione transferases (GSTs) forms a distinct class within the cytosolic GST superfamily because most of them possess a catalytic cysteine residue. The human GST Omega 1 isoform was first characterized twenty years ago, but it took years of work to clarify the roles of the human isoforms. Concerning the kingdom of fungi, little is known about the cellular functions of Omega glutathione transferases (GSTOs), although they are widely represented in some of these organisms. In this study, we re-assess the phylogeny and the classification of GSTOs based on 240 genomes of mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes). We observe that the number of GSTOs is…
Les espèces adventices, indispensables à la production agricole dans les systèmes à bas intrants
National audience; Le défi principal de l’agriculture aujourd’hui est la conception de systèmes de culture (SdC) permettant de limiter le recours aux intrants chimiques, tout en régulant les bio-agresseurs des cultures et en maintenant le potentiel de production et le revenu des exploitants agricoles. La flore adventice est un exemple emblématique de ce défi et un obstacle majeur aux objectifs du plan Ecophyto ; les herbicides représentent une part importante des produits phytosanitaires utilisés. L’agroécologie repose sur le postulat que la biodiversité, de par ses fonctions et les services écosystémiques (ex. biocontrôle, pollinisation) qu’elle sous-tend, pourrait compenser l’usage d’intr…
Bees increase oilseed rape yield under real field conditions
prod 2018-210 EA GESTAD INRA; International audience; Oilseed rape (OSR, Brassica napus L.) is a common crop found in many European agricultural landscapes. It ispollinated by a wide variety of insects, but the reported contribution of pollinators to yield varies widely betweenstudies (from 0 to 50%). Moreover, such a contribution has seldom been estimated at the field scale in realfarming conditions. We analysed OSR yields in response to insect pollination; over four years, at two differentscales: farm fields and individual plants. We used both empirical and experimental approaches along a gradientof pollinator diversity and abundance. The empirical approach was based on farm surveys (151 …
Contribution des pollinisateurs dans la production de colza et de tournesol en zone atelier « Plaine et Val de Sèvre »
Insect pollination is essential for over 70% of crops around the world. However, the contribution of pollinators to crop production and the insects involved in crop pollination have rarely been studied. Moreover, assessments of pollinator contributions have mostly been conducted on a small scale or under simplified conditions, which do not represent the real contributions at the field scale and do not take into account possible interactions between pollinators and farming practices. The aim of this study is to quantify directly under field conditions, the contribution of pollinators in two crops frequently cultivated in Europe: oilseed rape and sunflower. Estimations are realized both at th…