0000000000667580

AUTHOR

Benjamin F. Cravatt

showing 3 related works from this author

Cannabinoid CB1 receptors regulate neuronal TNF-α effects in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

2011

Abstract Cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1Rs) regulate the neurodegenerative damage of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and of multiple sclerosis (MS). The mechanism by which CB1R stimulation exerts protective effects is still unclear. Here we show that pharmacological activation of CB1Rs dampens the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-mediated potentiation of striatal spontaneous glutamate-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), which is believed to cogently contribute to the inflammation-induced neurodegenerative damage observed in EAE mice. Furthermore, mice lacking CB1Rs showed a more severe clinical course and, in parallel, exacerbated alterations of sEPSC duration af…

Cannabinoid receptorEncephalomyelitis Autoimmune ExperimentalPolyunsaturated Alkamidesmedicine.medical_treatmentImmunologyExcitotoxicityGlutamic AcidArachidonic AcidsPharmacologyBiologymedicine.disease_causeReceptors N-Methyl-D-AspartateReceptors Tumor Necrosis FactorAmidohydrolasesEtanerceptBehavioral Neurosciencechemistry.chemical_compoundMiceReceptor Cannabinoid CB1Fatty acid amide hydrolaseCannabinoid Receptor ModulatorsmedicineAnimalsDronabinolReceptors AMPA6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-23-dioneMice KnockoutNeuronsEndocrine and Autonomic SystemsTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaNeurodegenerationExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsAnandamidemedicine.diseaseEndocannabinoid systemCorpus StriatumMice Inbred C57BLchemistryImmunoglobulin GImmunologyNerve DegenerationSettore MED/26 - NeurologiaFemaleCannabinoidDizocilpine MaleateEndocannabinoidsBrain, behavior, and immunity
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The Endocannabinoid System Promotes Astroglial Differentiation by Acting on Neural Progenitor Cells

2006

Endocannabinoids exert an important neuromodulatory role via presynaptic cannabinoid CB1receptors and may also participate in the control of neural cell death and survival. The function of the endocannabinoid system has been extensively studied in differentiated neurons, but its potential role in neural progenitor cells remains to be elucidated. Here we show that the CB1receptor and the endocannabinoid-inactivating enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase are expressed, bothin vitroandin vivo, in postnatal radial glia (RC2+cells) and in adult nestin type I (nestin+GFAP+) neural progenitor cells. Cell culture experiments show that CB1receptor activation increases progenitor proliferation and differ…

Cannabinoid receptorCellular differentiationMorpholinesApoptosisNerve Tissue ProteinsBiologyNaphthalenesHippocampusAmidohydrolasesNestinMiceIntermediate Filament ProteinsReceptor Cannabinoid CB1Cannabinoid Receptor ModulatorsGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinAnimalsProgenitor cellEnzyme InhibitorsNeural cellCells CulturedProgenitorMice KnockoutNeuronsCannabinoidsmusculoskeletal neural and ocular physiologyGeneral NeuroscienceStem CellsCell DifferentiationArticlesNestinEndocannabinoid systemNeural stem cellBenzoxazinesRatsnervous systemAstrocytesBenzamideslipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)CarbamatesNeurosciencepsychological phenomena and processesEndocannabinoids
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Inhibiting fatty acid amide hydrolase normalizes endotoxin-induced enhanced gastrointestinal motility in mice

2012

Background and purpose Gastrointestinal (GI) motility is regulated in part by fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs), including the endocannabinoid (EC) anandamide (AEA). The actions of FAEs are terminated by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). We investigated the actions of the novel FAAH inhibitor AM3506 on normal and enhanced GI motility. Experimental approach We examined the effect of AM3506 on electrically-evoked contractility in vitro and GI transit and colonic faecal output in vivo, in normal and FAAH-deficient mice treated with saline or LPS (100 µg·kg(-1), i.p.), in the presence and absence of cannabinoid (CB) receptor antagonists. mRNA expression was measured by quantitative real time-PCR…

Pharmacologymedicine.medical_specialtyCannabinoid receptormedicine.medical_treatmentdigestive oral and skin physiologyMotilityIleumAnandamideBiologyEndocannabinoid systemchemistry.chemical_compoundEndocrinologymedicine.anatomical_structurenervous systemchemistryFatty acid amide hydrolaseInternal medicinemedicinelipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)CannabinoidReceptorpsychological phenomena and processesBritish Journal of Pharmacology
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