showing 2 related works from this author
Characterizing the N-terminal processing motif of MHC class I ligands.
2008
Abstract Most peptide ligands presented by MHC class I molecules are the product of an intracellular pathway comprising protein breakdown in the cytosol, transport into the endoplasmic reticulum, and successive N-terminal trimming events. The efficiency of each of these processes depends on the amino acid sequence of the presented ligand and its precursors. Thus, relating the amino acid composition N-terminal of presented ligands to the sequence specificity of processes in the pathway gives insight into the usage of ligand precursors in vivo. Examining the amino acid composition upstream the true N terminus of MHC class I ligands, we demonstrate the existence of a distinct N-terminal proces…
Recent advances in 2D and 3D in vitro systems using primary hepatocytes, alternative hepatocyte sources and non-parenchymal liver cells and their use…
2013
This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro. In a complex architecture of nested, zonated lobules, the liver consists of approximately 80 % hepatocytes and 20 % non-parenchymal cells, the latter being involved in a secondary phase that may dramatically aggravate the initial damage. Hepatotoxicity, as well as hepatic metabolism, is controlled by a set of nuclear receptors (including PXR, CAR, HNF-4α, FXR, LXR, SHP, VDR and PPAR) and signaling pathways. When isolating liver cells, some pathways are activated, e.g., the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway, whereas others are silenced (e.g. HNF-4α), resulting in…