0000000000769061
AUTHOR
M. Vázquez-costa
Premature diagnostic closure: An avoidable type of error
A well-developed clinical interview makes it possible to adequately focus the diagnosis. However, cognitive psychology shows that mistakes are made when the persons face complex problems, such as those faced when making a diagnosis, especially if time or resources are limited. The main cause of failures in clinical reasoning is using "cognitive shortcuts". Among them, premature closure is a key factor triggering a diagnostic error. Cognitive errors are predictable and thus, it is possible to learn strategies to reduce or avoid them. Knowing the main features of cognitive shortcuts and identifying those automatically used is the first step towards preventing errors or minimizing their conseq…
El riesgo y su comunicación a los pacientes para la toma de decisiones en salud
Informing the patients before starting diagnostic and therapeutic procedures is advisable in order to establish a trusting and caring relationship. In this article, we analyze factors that determine the risk perception by the patients, as well as elements which facilitate a good information process by health professionals.
Cierre prematuro de diagnóstico: un tipo de error evitable
Resumen Una entrevista clinica bien desarrollada permite orientar de forma adecuada el diagnostico. Sin embargo, la psicologia cognitiva muestra que las personas cometen errores cuando se encuentran con problemas complejos, tales como los que se enfrentan a la hora de hacer un diagnostico, especialmente cuando disponen de poco tiempo o de recursos limitados. La principal causa de los fallos en el razonamiento clinico es el uso de «atajos cognitivos». Entre ellos, el cierre prematuro es un factor clave desencadenante de error diagnostico. Los errores cognitivos son predecibles y, por tanto, es posible aprender estrategias para reducirlos o evitarlos. Conocer las caracteristicas de los atajos…