0000000000868695
AUTHOR
Gérôme Mora
L’utilisation des mécanismes de maintien de l’information verbale en mémoire de travail chez l’enfant de 8 ans
La mémoire de travail est une forme de mémoire immédiate qui permet de retenir des informations tout en effectuant simultanément un traitement sur ces informations ou sur d’autres informations. Elle est indispensable dans la vie quotidienne, par exemple sans elle nous serions incapable de comprendre une phrase ou de résoudre une opération. Les informations stockées dans cette mémoire ne peuvent être maintenues que pendant un très bref instant (± 2 secondes). Cependant, il est possible de les retenir pendant une plus longue durée en utilisant des mécanismes de maintien. Actuellement deux mécanismes de maintien ont été mis en évidence. Le premier est un mécanisme de répétition subvocale, qui …
The Phonological Similarity Effect and The Word Length Effect: Hints for Maintenance Mechanisms in Working Memory
International audience; While in Baddeley’s Working Memory model (Baddeley, 1986), the maintenance of verbal information depends on the availability of an articulatory rehearsal mechanism, within the Time-Based Resource-Sharing model (Barrouillet et al., 2007), it depends on an attentional refreshing mechanism. The interplay of these two mechanisms was investigated in two experiments, one in adults and one in 7-year-old children. In both experiments, the phonological similarity of the words to remember, the articulatory suppression (AS) and the attentional load of concurrent processing were manipulated within a complex span paradigm. Results replicated the classic effects of phonological si…
Phonological similarity effect in complex span task
The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that two systems are involved in verbal working memory; one is specifically dedicated to the maintenance of phonological representations through verbal rehearsal while the other would maintain multimodal representations through attentional refreshing. This theoretical framework predicts that phonologically related phenomena such as the phonological similarity effect (PSE) should occur when the domain-specific system is involved in maintenance, but should disappear when concurrent articulation hinders its use. Impeding maintenance in the domain-general system by a concurrent attentional demand should impair recall performance without affecting…
Working memory computerised task and cognitive abilities
International audience; Working memory is currently measured with complex span paradigm, in which memoranda have to be remembered, while performing concurrent processing. This type of paradigm had been demonstrated to be much more correlated with high cognitive abilities when the processing is time-constrained (i.e., paced by experimenter) than when timing depends on participant’s responses. The aim of our study was to further investigate the role of time-pressure generated by processing on the relation between working memory performance and cognitive abilities. Unlike traditional computer-paced paradigms, in which process timing is determined a priori and identical for all participants, in…
Comment la répétition articulatoire et le rafraichissement attentionnel interagissent avec la similarité phonologique ?
Within Time-Based Resource-Sharing model (Barrouillet et al., 2004), working memory capacity depends on the amount of attention available to maintain information. The aim of this study was to investigate the interplay of attentional refreshing and articulatory rehearsal (Baddeley, 1986). The phonological similarity effect was investigated in a complex span paradigm using lists of similar or dissimilar words to remember. In Experiment 1, the amount of attention available was manipulated by the attentional demand of the concurrent processing task (Simple Reaction Task vs Choice Reaction Task), and in Experiment 2 by varying the pace of stimulus presentation in the CRT. Moreover, in Experiment…
Two systems of maintenance in verbal working memory: evidence from the word length effect.
The extended time-based resource-sharing (TBRS) model suggested a working memory architecture in which an executive loop and a phonological loop could both support the maintenance of verbal information. The consequence of such a framework is that phonological effects known to impact the maintenance of verbal information, like the word length effect (WLE), should depend on the use of the phonological loop, but should disappear under the maintenance by the executive loop. In two previous studies, introducing concurrent articulation in complex span tasks barely affected WLE, contradicting the prediction from the TBRS model. The present study re-evaluated the WLE in a complex span task while co…
Word-frequency effect on working memory task
Many studies have shown an advantage for high-frequency words in various language and memory tasks. Surprisingly, only one study reported a word-frequency effect in a working memory task (Engle et al., 1990). In the present study, we evaluated the word-frequency effect in complex span task in which the pace of a concurrent task was manipulated. By slowing down the pace of a location judgement task, attention could be switched to maintenance activities for a longer time and recall should be better (Barrouillet et al., 2007). As already reported in immediate serial recall tasks, the advantage for recalling high-frequency words increased across serial positions. This finding is congruent with …
Adaptive Choice in Strategies of Maintenance in Verbal Working Memory
International audience; Because both articulatory rehearsal and attentional refreshing aid the maintenance of verbal information at the short term, the present study evaluated the adaptive use of these mechanisms, using a complex span paradigm. In Experiment 1, phonological similarity of memory-list words and attentional demand of concurrent processing were manipulated. As was predicted, a phonological similarity effect (PSE) appeared only when the concurrent task was attention demanding, thus impairing the use of refreshing and encouraging rehearsal. To verify that PSE indicates the use of rehearsal, participants were instructed to use one of the two mechanisms in Experiments 2 and 3. In a…
Les mécanismes de maintien de l’information verbale en mémoire de travail
Comment peut-on retenir des mots tout en effectuant un traitement concurrent ? En d’autres termes, comment les informations verbales sont-elles maintenues en mémoire de travail ? Cette question semble avoir été élucidée depuis l’élaboration du modèle de la boucle phonologique par Baddeley en 1986. En effet, selon ce modèle, l’information verbale est maintenue en mémoire sous forme de codes phonologiques grâce au mécanisme d’autorépétition subvocale. Néanmoins, ce mécanisme ne semble pas être exclusif. En effet, plusieurs auteurs ont mis en évidence qu’il est possible de maintenir des traces en mémoire de travail par rafraichissement attentionnel. Ils postulent donc l’existence d’un mécanism…
An investigation of maintenance mechanisms in working memory through phonological similarity and word length effects
International audience; While in Baddeley’s Working Memory model (Baddeley, 1986), the maintenance of verbal information depends on the availability of an articulatory rehearsal mechanism, within the Time-Based Resource-Sharing model (Barrouillet et al., 2007), it depends on an attentional refreshing mechanism, i.e. on the amount of attention available to refresh traces. The interplay of these two mechanisms, the articulatory rehearsal and the attentional refreshing, was investigated in two experiments, one in adults and one in 7-year-old children. In both experiments, within a complex span paradigm, the phonological similarity of the words to remember (similar vs dissimilar), the articulat…
How do articulatory rehearsal and attentional refreshing interact with phonological similarity in the complex span paradigm?
Within Time-Based Resource-Sharing model (Barrouillet et al., 2004), working memory capacity depends on the amount of attention available to maintain information. The aim of this study was to investigate the interplay of attentional refreshing and articulatory rehearsal (Baddeley, 1986). The phonological similarity effect was investigated in a complex span paradigm using lists of similar or dissimilar words to remember. In Experiment 1, the amount of attention available was manipulated by the attentional demand of the concurrent processing task (Simple Reaction Task vs Choice Reaction Task), and in Experiment 2 by varying the pace of stimulus presentation in the CRT. Moreover, in Experiment…
The Effect of Long-Term Memory Knowledge on Rehearsal and Refreshing in Working Memory
It was suggested that the impact of long-term knowledge on short-term memory (STM) could either be at encoding and maintenance or at recall (Thorn, Frankish, & Gathercole, 2009). In two experiments, we manipulated the characteristics of long-term knowledge through word-frequency or lexicality. We also varied the implication of the mechanisms of maintenance, refreshing or rehearsal. First, the effect of long-term knowledge on refreshing was investigated manipulating frequency of words to remember and attentional load of the concurrent processing. No interaction between word frequency and cognitive load was found. A second experiment investigated the effect of long-term knowledge on both rehe…