0000000000868918
AUTHOR
Uwe Schröder
Electrodes with Immobilized Particles and Droplets: Three-Phase Electrodes
It is a common feature of electrodes with immobilized particles and droplets that three phases are in close contact with each other, i.e., each phase having an interface with the two other phases. This situation exists also in most of the so-called surface-modified or film electrodes, many battery and fuel cell electrodes, electrodes of the second kind, etc. In fact, the majority of surface-modified electrodes consist of arrays of particles that partially cover the electrode surface. It would be far beyond the scope of this book to include all chemical and electrochemical techniques to deposit films on electrodes. Here we shall deal only with electrodes where the particles or droplets have …
Earlier Developed Techniques
The first electrochemical experiments were performed with solid materials, esp. metals. However, these experiments, conducted in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, were directed toward the elucidation of the basic features of the electrical action of chemical substances and the chemical action of electricity. Initially, metals played the major role; only later it became obvious that many chemical compounds possess metallic or semiconducting properties that can be utilized in electrochemical cells. Parallel to the studies of new electrode materials, solid electrolytes were discovered and entire solid galvanic cells could be constructed. In this book, we will entirely neglect pure solid…