La dollarisation des économies émergentes

Current discussions about dollarization/euroization are built on substitution models and cost/benefits analysis. This working paper aims to go beyond these explanations based on a functionalist definition of money. An institutionalist definition of money advocates analyzing de facto dollarization more broadly as a legitimacy crisis of the unit of account that damages monetary sovereignty and of whom authorities try to check in a kind o f institutional resistance. A macroeconomic definition of money involves questionning full and de jure dollarization consistency with both of principles guiding the monetary economy of production: (1) endogeneity of money; (2) merger between monetary space an…

Keynes and the “National Emission Caisse” of North Russia: 1918-1920

Regional currencies and regional monetary zones in Latin America : whats prospects ?

International audience; Reducing transaction costs and the need for international reserves is a primary objective to the establishment of regional payment agreements. Another objective, especially in the case of Latin America where the Ecuadorian promoters of the Bank of the South (Banco del Sur) and the New Regional Financial Architecture are planning the implementation of a regional clearing system, is to reduce member countries' dependence on the U.S. dollar as an international standard and reserve currency. To help improve the design of such agreements, this paper refers to the plan Keynes designed for the Bretton Woods conference. First, it observes that cases were made against this pl…

Regional currencies and regional monetary zones in Latin America: what prospects?

Reducing transaction costs and the need for international reserves is a primary objective to the establishment of regional payment agreements. Another objective, especially in the case of Latin America where the Ecuadorian promoters of the Bank of the South (Banco del Sur) and the New Regional Financial Architecture are planning the implementation of a regional clearing system, is to reduce member countries' dependence on the U. S. dollar as an international standard and reserve currency. To help improve the design of such agreements, this paper refers to the plan Keynes designed for the Bretton Woods conference. First, it observes that cases were made against this plan from which useful le…

Stratégie monétaire des économies émergentes : les écueils de la dollarisation

Cette recherche vise à dégager les implications d'un arrangement monétaire particulier -la dollarisation officielle et intégrale- à partir de l'étude du cas équatorien. Elle montre comment la dollarisation officielle et intégrale a introduit une stabilisation monétaire artificielle et instauré deux niveaux de fragilisation : (1) une insécurité macroéconomique, en raison d'une dynamique des taux d'intérêt et du crédit défavorable aux petites et moyennes entreprises ; (2) une insécurité financière liée à l'absence théorique de marges de manoeuvre sur la gestion de la liquidité et le prêt en dernier ressort. L'évolution des prérogatives de la Banque centrale est soulignée, notamment sur la que…