0000000000880006
AUTHOR
Dominique Jacquin
Incidence des graminées adventices sur l'ergot des céréales
Several species of Claviceps, mainly Claviceps purpurea may develop during cereals growth in place of grains or on the grass weeds head. These fungi may produce sclerotia with alkaloids inside, unsafe for the whole harvest. In order to help growers and grain collect organizations to support good practices, several years trials have been followed up. Synthesis for those data allows to identify strong grass weeds incidence, mainly for black-grass and ryegrass on ergot of cereal contamination, multiplication and maintain.
Le désherbage d’automne contre l’ergot du seigle les traitements herbicides d’automne, un levier chimique efficace de lutte contre l’ergot du seigle
Context and study: Trials in field allowed to show a link between a good grass weeding (blackgrass and rye grass) and extent of ergot contaminations. Makhteshim Agan France and Arvalis tested on 15 trials in 2011-2012, 2 ureas, as isoproturon against blackgrass, alone or in pro-gram with a sulfonylurea, to evaluate their indirect effect against ergot. Field trials were set up on sensitive crops to ergot (rye, wheat and triticale) infested with artificial ergot contaminations and weed seeds sensible to ALS. Contaminations were evaluated first in field on weeds and on crop, and then on harvest, by assessing sclerotia and alkaloids content in harvested samples. results: For all evaluation mean…
L'ergot dépasse le seigle cet ancien compagnon de l'homme ressort les griffes
National audience; L’ergot du seigle dû à Claviceps purpurea se fait remarquer en cultures de céréales en France depuis 2000, sporadiquement et avec une prévalence moindre qu’en Europe du Nord. Le facteur climatique (4 années favorables de 2000 à 2009 incluses) joue sur cette réémergence, mais aussi des évolutions de pratiques culturales : développement du nonlabour et présence accrue de graminées adventices sensibles dans les parcelles ou à proximité. Les connaissances sur la biologie de C. purpurea et les facteurs le favorisant sont rappelées. Le rôle des graminées adventices et prairiales est évoqué avec les sensibilités diverses des espèces, pouvant influencer le choix de celles à impla…
Autumn herbicides, an efficient chemical tool against ergot of grasses
Maktheshim Agan France analyzed 14 weeding trials, carried out in 2011-2012, to identify the indirect effect of weeding on the development of ergot. Field trials were set up on straw cereals (rye, wheat and triticale), with a contamination of ergot sclerotia and artificial infestation of grassy weeds susceptible to sulfonylureas. Two herbicides: isoproturon and chlortoluron, used alone or followed by a sulfonylurea, were compared to untreated control. All the assessments show that herbicides decreased the amount of sclerotia and even more the alkaloid content in harvest. This effect was higher with the herbicide program (urea applied in autumn /sulfonylurea at the end of winter). This study…