Centralised or decentralised banking supervision? Evidence from European banks

Abstract This paper analyses the impact of the Banking Union on European bank credit risk. Specifically, we investigate the effect that the establishment of the Single Supervisory Mechanism has had on the credit risk of the banks it supervises in comparison to financial institutions that are still supervised by National Supervisory Authorities. We analyse a sample of 746 European banks over the period 2011–2018, by means of a difference-in-differences methodology. We provide empirical evidence that Single Supervisory Mechanism supervised banks reduced credit risk exposure compared to banks supervised by National Supervisory Authorities, suggesting that the Banking Union has successfully red…

Indicatori Chiave Per L’IA: il Metodo Bankitalia

La Funzione di Revisione Interna della Banca d’Italia ha rivisto il proprio sistema di Key Performance Indicator. Obiettivo: farne uno strumento di guida strategica e creare un metodo innovativo per misurare il valore aggiunto apportato all’Istituto.

Market risk reporting in banking overcoming the limits of IAS/IFRS and Basel regulation

Market risk in banking activity is becoming a more severe issue day by day for several reasons. Analysing it from a regulatory point of view is fundamental for assessing whether or not banks are in the conditions of disclosing a satisfactory degree of information about their market risk exposure. The two regulatory constraints to consider are International Accounting Standards (IAS/IFRS) and the Basel regulation. Both of them seem to put too many constraints on banks. They turn out to be over-over-regulated. Even if regulators put many efforts in trying to provide a useful regulation for banks' risk reporting and capital adequacy, we are still far from a good regulation. The regulatory proc…

An analysis of recent research on venture capital networks

Purpose – this paper examines recent trends in venture capital network research. Network analysis is a useful approach for analyzing inter-organizational networks, especially for venture capitalists, which are characterized by plenty of connections. Although important steps ahead have been made, several research questions are still unanswered. Research methodology – this brief review analyses deeply three papers which are representative of the novel scientific literature in this field. Scrutinizing these works, I identify their points of strength and weaknesses, in order to understand how to pave the way for further research. Findings – this paper shows that the study of network weak ties a…

Così Funziona a Wall Street

Negli Usa, l’operato delle Spac ha permesso a più di 900 aziende statunitensi di quotarsi in Borsa. Fra le Spac americane che hanno registrato le migliori performance, sono degne di nota la Diamond Eagle Acquisition corp. e la Live Oak Acquisition corp. che da poco hanno concluso fusioni rispettivamente con le società DraftKings e Danimer scientific. A seguito di tali operazioni, la DraftKings si è imposta come leader nel settore emergente delle scommesse sulle esibizioni sportive virtuali. La Danimer Scientific rappresenta, invece, una realtà di successo nel campo della produzione di bio-plastiche. In entrambi i casi, i corsi azionari sono più che triplicati in pochi mesi.

Derivative Disclosure Practices in the Annual Financial Reporting of Large European Banks: A Cross-country Empirical Study

The topic of this paper is derivative reporting in banking. The authors employ content analysis to conduct an empirical study on a sample of large European banks. The research aims to assess the qualitative and quantitative profiles of derivative disclosure in banking institutions. The paper provides evidences that banks differ in their derivative reporting, even though they are subject to similar regulatory requirements and accounting standards. The paper also shows that there is room to improve various aspects of derivatives disclosure in banking.

Essays on Risk Disclosure: Evidence from the Banking Industry

An empirical investigation into market risk disclosure: is there room to improve for Italian banks?

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the market risk disclosure practices of large Italian banks. The contribution provides insights on the way banks should provide information about market risk. The problem related to the asymmetric information between banks from one side, and investors and stakeholders on the other, represents a crucial issue that requires further considerations by scholars and regulators.Design/methodology/approachThis contribution adopts a mixed methodological approach to analyse both qualitative and quantitative profiles of market risk disclosure in banking. This paper analyses the most important documents Italian banks are required to prepare for risk disclosure purposes…

ESG and Asset Quality in the Banking Industry: The Moderating Role of Financial Performance

How to measure bank credit risk disclosure? Testing a new methodological approach based on the content analysis framework

AbstractRisk disclosure is a crucial factor in enhancing the efficiency of financial markets and promoting financial stability. This paper proposes a methodological tool to analyze credit risk disclosure in bank financial reports, based on the content analysis framework. The authors also uses this methodology to carry out an empirical study on a small sample of large Italian banks. The paper provides preliminary empirical evidence that banks differ in their credit risk disclosure, even though they are subject to homogeneous regulatory and accounting requirements. Furthermore, by carrying out a correlation-based network analysis, the paper provides preliminary evidence on the existence of a …

Internal audit professional principles and academic literature over the last decade: is there a gap to bridge

The Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) has defined the ethical principles internal auditors must adhere to, allowing them to create a common understanding of ethical behaviour within their profession, thereby promoting ethical culture. This paper aims to analyse the role of these principles in the main branches of internal audit research over the last decade. We examine the most important articles published in this field and categorise them into seven main strands. We assess the extent to which these strands focus on the IIA ethical principles, aiming to identify research gaps in the extant literature. Our findings show that the literature dealing with ethical principles in the recruitmen…

Do Large European Banks Differ in their Derivative Disclosure Practices? A Cross-country Empirical Study.

Risk disclosure has strategic importance for the efficiency of financial markets and overall financial stability. It plays a pivotal role in strengthening market discipline and building trust to improve relationships with stakeholders in banking. Risk reporting has taken a growing importance in banking over the last years. The topic of this paper is derivative reporting in banking. The authors employ content analysis to conduct an empirical study on a sample of large European banks. The authors propose a hybrid scoring model for the assessment of derivative disclosure in banking institutions. The methodology employed in this research is able to capture a considerable amount of information b…

Credit Risk Disclosure Practices in the Annual Financial Reporting of Large Italian Banks

Risk disclosure in banking is particularly important for the efficacy of market discipline, the assessment of bank performance, the efficiency of the financial market, and the overall stability of the financial system. The European banking union and the financial crisis have enhanced the strategic role of credit risk disclosure in banking. The topic of this chapter is the evaluation of credit risk disclosure practices in banks’ annual financial reporting. The empirical research is conducted on a sample of ten large Italian banks. The authors employ content analysis and provide a hybrid scoring model for the assessment of credit risk disclosure. The chapter provides empirical findings which …

Market risk disclosure in banking: an empirical analysis on four global systemically important European banks

Market risk reporting in banking has assumed such importance during the last decade. The purpose of this paper is to provide a methodology to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative profiles of the market risk disclosure in banking. We propose a hybrid methodology to assess whether or not banks are able to provide a satisfactory degree of information about the market risks they are exposed to. In this paper, we conduct an empirical research of market risk disclosure on a sample of four global systemically important European banks. The paper provides evidences that banks differ in their market risk reporting models, even though they are subject to similar regulatory requirements and accoun…

European Banking Union and bank risk disclosure: the effects of the Single Supervisory Mechanism

AbstractThis paper provides evidence on the impact of European Banking Union (BU) and the associated Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) on the risk disclosure practices of European banks. The onset of BU and the associated rules are considered as an exogenous shock that provides the setting for a natural experiment to analyze the effects of the new supervisory arrangements on bank risk disclosure practices. A Difference-in-Differences approach is adopted, building evidence from the disclosure practices of systemically important banks supervised by the European Central Bank (ECB) and other banks supervised by national regulators over the period 2012–2017. The main findings are that bank risk…

Corruption Disclosure in Banking: Insights from the Literature

Transparency and disclosure are pivotal to attenuate the adverse effects of information asymmetries that strongly influence the relationship between banks and their stakeholders (Levine, 1997) and to ensure an adequate and efficient functioning of both banking and financial markets. Among the most important benefits of transparency in the banking sector, it is noteworthy to mention its reduction effect on the cost of capital; its relationship with higher levels of stakeholders’ and investors’ trust (Botosan & Plumlee, 2002; Eng & Mak, 2003); the more effective bank lending activity (Zelenyuk et al., 2020); and the higher levels of financial stability (Nier, 2005).

A critical re-examination of the academic literature on venture capital networks

This paper proposes a critical re-examination of the recent trends of the literature on venture capital networks. This brief review thoroughly scrutinises three papers that are representative of the recent academic literature in this field of study. I identify their points of strength and limitations, in order to pave the way for future research. This paper shows that the study of network weak and informal ties and the role of risk management strategies are promising areas for pushing the frontiers of research on venture capital networks. Extending our knowledge on this topic is crucial to understand the best strategic decisions venture capital firms should take, as parts of an inter-organi…

Credit Risk Disclosure Practices in the Annual Financial Reporting of Large Italian Banks: An Empirical Study

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative profiles of the disclosure of credit risk in banking institutions. The authors employ content analysis to conduct an empirical study on a sample of large Italian banks. The sample represents approximately 60% of the Italian banking industry in terms of total assets.

The Role of Capital and Liquidity in Bank Lending: Are Banks Safer?

The aim of this paper is to examine whether and to what extent bank capital requirements and liquidity standards influence the level of bank stability. Our approach is that both capital and liquidity affect lending growth, which in turn affects bank stability. We construct a panel dataset on a sample of 2,054 commercial banks from 117 developed and developing countries during the 2000–16 period. By applying a two-stage least squares (2SLS) empirical methodology, our findings show that capital and liquidity have a negative direct impact on the level of bank stability. However, this influence is counteracted by an indirect positive effect through the increased level of credit. Our results are…

Risk Disclosure in the European Banking Industry: Qualitative and Quantitative Content Analysis Methodologies

This book aims to shed light on the advantages and disadvantages of both qualitative and quantitative content analysis methodologies by examining risk disclosure practices in the European banking industry. Content analysis methodologies allow to assess the level of transparency of financial and non-financial reports by focusing on the information disclosed to the public with reference to their risk exposure and management. There is an ongoing debate in the literature to understand whether qualitative or quantitative content analysis methodologies are more effective and useful to analyse disclosure practices. Some authors contend that qualitative methodologies may be more appropriate because…

Continuous auditing in public sector and central banks: a framework to tackle implementation challenges

Purpose This paper aims to analyse the implementation challenges faced by internal audit departments of public sector organisations and central banks when implementing continuous auditing (CA) systems. CA aims to monitor internal control systems and risk levels on a continuous basis to support the audit process. This study identifies the implementation challenges of CA systems and proposes adequate countermeasures. Design/methodology/approach This study employs the design science information system research and the design science research process methodologies to ensure the rigor of this analysis. These research methodologies are adopted to tackle identified organisational problems and pro…

Corruption-Related Disclosure in the Banking Industry: Evidence From GIPSI Countries

This paper empirically investigates corruption-related disclosure in the banking industry, aiming to identify the most relevant theories which explain why financial institutions disclose corruption-related information to the public in their annual financial reports.Using a total sample of 88 banks from the GIPSI countries during the period 2011-2019, our results reveal that, on average, banks involved in corruption issues disclose less on corruption-related information than banks not involved in any corruption scandal. Moreover, banks not involved in corruption cases disclose even more information after other banks’ corruption events become public. These basic relationships, however, are sh…