0000000000934605
AUTHOR
Isuha Tarazona
Development of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the determination of ultraviolet filters in beach sand samples
An analytical method for the determination of eight fat-soluble ultraviolet (UV) filters in beach sand samples is presented for the first time. The method is based on a leaching process of the target compounds from sand samples using vortex mixer agitation and further centrifugation, followed by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) of the supernatant and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the DLLME extract. The variables involved in the leaching and in the DLLME processes were studied to provide the best enrichment factors. In the first case, the leaching solvent type and volume, and the vortex mixer agitation time were studied. In the case of the DLLME, th…
Determination of benzophenone-3 and its main metabolites in human serum by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
A new analytical method for the determination of benzophenone-3 (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone), and its main metabolites (2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone and 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone) in human serum is presented. The method is based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) as preconcentration and clean-up technique, followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Acidic hydrolysis and protein precipitation with HCl 6 M (1:1) (100 °C, 1 h) were carried out before extraction. The variables involved in the DLLME process were studied. Under the optimized conditions, 70 µL of acetone (disperser solvent) and 30 µL of chloroform (extraction solvent) were …
Determination of 3-(4′-methylbenzylidene)camphor and its metabolite 3-(4′-carboxybenzylidene)camphor in human semen by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
An analytical method for the determination of the controversial UV filter 3-(4′-methylbenzylidene)camphor (MBC) and its metabolite 3-(4′-carboxybenzylidene)camphor (CBC) in human semen is presented. The method is based on the simultaneous hydrolysis of phase II conjugates and protein precipitation, followed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) detection. The proposed method was validated by analyzing spiked analyte-free human semen samples. Matrix-matched calibration using an analyte-free semen pool was employed. Satisfactory recoveries (92–114%) were obtained using this calibration methodology, thus showing the accuracy of the propos…
A reliable and environmentally-friendly liquid-chromatographic method for multi-class determination of fat-soluble UV filters in cosmetic products.
An environmentally-friendly analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 15 fat-soluble ultraviolet (UV) filters currently authorized by the European Union regulation on cosmetic products has been developed. The determination was performed by liquid chromatography with UV spectrophotometric detection. Different parameters, such as type of column, oven temperature, mobile phase composition and flow rate were studied. The best chromatographic separation was obtained under the following conditions: C18 column set at 60°C and gradient ethanol:water (containing 1% formic acid and 20mM of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin) as mobile phase pumped at 1mL min(-1). 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodext…
An overview of the analytical methods for the determination of organic ultraviolet filters in biological fluids and tissues.
Organic UV filters are chemical compounds added to cosmetic sunscreen products in order to protect users from UV solar radiation. The need of broad-spectrum protection to avoid the deleterious effects of solar radiation has triggered a trend in the cosmetic market of including these compounds not only in those exclusively designed for sun protection but also in all types of cosmetic products. Different studies have shown that organic UV filters can be absorbed through the skin after topical application, further metabolized in the body and eventually excreted or bioaccumulated. These percutaneous absorption processes may result in various adverse health effects, such as genotoxicity caused b…
Determination of hydroxylated benzophenone UV filters in sea water samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
A new analytical method for the determination of four hydroxylated benzophenone UV filters (i.e. 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (HMB), 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (DHB), 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (DHMB) and 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone (THB)) in sea water samples is presented. The method is based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) determination. The variables involved in the DLLME process were studied. Under optimized conditions, 1000 microL of acetone (disperser solvent) containing 60 microL of chloroform (extraction solvent) were injected into 5 mL of aqueous sample adjusted to pH 4 and containing 10% NaCl…