Impact de pratiques culturales sur les caractéristiques du sol

National audience; Plusieurs caractéristiques d'un sol ont été évaluées dans une parcelle expérimentale du Ctifl, suite à l'apport d'amendements organiques ou une biodésinfection (culture de radis fourrager, broyage et enfouissement, roulage, bâchage avec film plastique puis semis de carottes). Les résultats de la première année montrent que la biodésinfection a un impact marqué sur les communautés de microbes et de nématodes des sols, et que cette pratique réduit significativement la sensibilité des sols à la fonte de semis due à R. solani.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis chez le melon, enseignements issus du projet VASCUlég

Fusarium wilt of melon, caused by Fusariumoxysporum f.sp. melonis (F.o.melonis),is still a major problem for growers. Aresearch programme was therefore developpedincluding 23 partners (VASCUlég).Analysing the situation revealed that thebioagressors are adapting, particularlyF.o.melonis race 1.2 whether it be on its ownor associated with other pathogens. Molecularcharacterisation of the F.o.melonisstrains shows strong genetic diversity.However, new sources of resistance to therace 1.2 of F.o.melonis were identified. Thisresult must be used in combination with acertain number of other complementarytechniques tested within the framework ofthe project, such as the cropping system,biofumigation,…

Soilborne fungi with herbicidal action to control the weed seedbank

Verticillium chez l'aubergine à travers le projet Vasculeg. Bioagresseurs présents et caractérisation (1ère partie)

Vascular wilt diseases of vegetable crops remain a major problem for eggplant growers in particular. After having used genetic resistance to Verticillium for several years, they are again confronted with the same problems. The VASCUleg project has led to a precise evaluation of the current situation on farms. Apart from the fungus that causes vascular disease, other pathogens are also present creating a whole range of bioagressors in different zones of production. The characterisation of isolated strains is quite complicated due to the complexity of Verticllium: new classification of Verticillium species, difficult identification of races and low aggressiveness of strains. V. dahliae is onl…

Soil health through soil disease suppression: Which strategy from descriptors to indicators?

International audience; Soil is a component of primary importance in crop production, even if it is often neglected, or only regarded as a physical support for the growth of plants. However, with the increasing societal concerns for the sustainability of agriculture, soil must be considered as a living system. Its quality results from the multiple interactions among physicochemical and biological components, notably the microbial communities, primordial for soil function. Crops are threatened by soil-borne diseases. These are often difficult to control, because of the “hidden” status of the pathogens and also because of the absence, noxiousness or lack of efficacy of chemical treatments. In…