Materials and methods of signal enhancement for spectroscopic whole blood analysis: Novel research overview
Abstract The early diagnosis of diseases is crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality and also for improving the quality of treatment process. Among various biological samples used to follow up the concentrations of disease markers, whole blood sensing can efficiently decrease analysis time by means of introducing methods with no pretreatment. In addition, the direct detection of markers in whole blood facilitates testing procedure and minimize the possibility of the loss of analytes in the process. Therefore, the assay of unprocessed whole blood is becoming increasingly important in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research. Incorporation of new advanced materials plays a major role …
Optical immunosensing of effective cardiac biomarkers on acute myocardial infarction
Abstract This review describes: • the advantages of examples of optical methods used in immunosensing of cardiac biomarkers and their reported applications, stressing their potential for future developments; • evaluation of some progress toward viable cardiac-biomarker measurements for detection and diagnostics of myocardial infarction; and, • trends in the development of optical immunosensors, including integrated immunosensors, and the application of nanotechnology and microfluidic technology.
Dendrimer-encapsulated and cored metal nanoparticles for electrochemical nanobiosensing
Abstract We discuss nanosized dendrimers from the point of view of electrochemical-biosensor design. We review electrochemical biosensors based on dendrimer-encapsulated metal nanoparticles (NPs) and their various applications (e.g., measurement of small biological and toxic molecules, detection of DNA, and immunosensing of disease biomarkers). Finally, we discuss some future applications of electrochemical biosensors based on dendrimer-encapsulated metal NPs.