An Analysis of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Spheroids from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

Aims Current methods to induce tolerance following allotransplantation or in autoimmunity carry significant morbidity, and research is very active in investigating alternative methods which could minimize toxicity. Spheroids from adipose stem cells (SASCs) are increasingly gaining interest, they hold a great proliferative and differentiating potential. An immunomodulatory effect has not been investigated on SASCs yet. In this study, we analysed the immunomodulatory properties of SASCs and compared them to ADSCs. Main methods Adipose stem cells (SASCs and ADSCs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from healthy individuals. We analysed the cytokine production and pro…

Smart hydrogels with Spheroids of Adipose stem cells for minimally invasive bone and cartilage regeneration

Survivina e induzione dell'apoptosi

Cell quality evaluation with gene expression analysis of spheroids (3D) and adherent (2D) adipose stem cells.

Adipose stem cells (ASCs) represent a reliable source of stem cells with a widely demonstrated potential in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. New recent insights suggest that three-dimensional (3D) models may closely mimic the native tissue properties; spheroids from adipose derived stem cells (SASCs) exhibit enhanced regenerative abilities compared with those of 2D models. Stem cell therapy success is determined by “cell-quality”; for this reason, the involvement of stress signals and cellular aging need to be further investigated. Here, we performed a comparative analysis of genes connected with stemness, aging, telomeric length and oxidative stress, in 3D and 2D …

MicroRNAs in solid organ and vascularized composite allotransplantation: Potential biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic use

Abstract Nowadays, solid organ transplantation (SOT) is an established treatment for patients with end-organ dysfunction, which dramatically improves the quality-of-life. Vascularized composite allotransplants (VCAs) including hand and face have been reported worldwide over the last 20 years. However, VCAs, differently to SOT, are life-enhancing instead of life-saving and are not routinely performed due to the risk of immune rejection and the adverse effects of immunosuppression. Over the past decade, although considerable improvements in short-term outcomes after allotransplantation have been registered, these results have not been translated into major progress in long-term allograft acce…

Re: Correlation between tissue-harvesting method and donor-site with the yield of spheroids from adipose-derived stem cells

IL-8 receptor antagonist promotes recovery and neuroregeneration after traumatic spinal cord injury.

Correlation between tissue-harvesting method and donor-site with the yield of spheroids from adipose-derived stem cells

Characterization of γδ T cells in intestinal mucosa from patients with early onset or long standing inflammatory bowel disease and their correlation with clinical status

Abstract Background and Aims Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is a complex chronic inflammatory disease of the human gut with no clear aetiology. Traditionally, dysregulated adaptive immune responses play an important role even though accumulating evidence suggests a role also for innate immunity. Because of the well-known plasticity of γδ T cells, we investigated their percentage occurrence, phenotypic features and effector functions in the intestinal mucosa of early-onset and long-standing IBD patients, as compared to healthy subjects. Methods Fresh biopsies from 30 Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients were obtained and digested, and cells were analysed by flow cytometry. Resul…

Transplantation of neural stem cells into the spinal cord after acute traumatic injury promotes recovery of function.

Survivina e sclerosi tuberosa complex: una proteina antiapoptotica espressa sui tuberi.

Shaking The Ground You Walk On: Are Adipose-derived Stem Cells (ASCs) True Stem Cells?

Colon Cancer Stem Cells Dictate Tumor Growth and Resist Cell Death by Production of Interleukin-4

A novel paradigm in tumor biology suggests that cancer growth is driven by stem-like cells within a tumor. Here, we describe the identification and characterization of such cells from colon carcinomas using the stem cell marker CD133 that accounts around 2% of the cells in human colon cancer. The CD133(+) cells grow in vitro as undifferentiated tumor spheroids, and they are both necessary and sufficient to initiate tumor growth in immunodeficient mice. Xenografts resemble the original human tumor maintaining the rare subpopulation of tumorigenic CD133(+) cells. Further analysis revealed that the CD133(+) cells produce and utilize IL-4 to protect themselves from apoptosis. Consistently, trea…

IL-8 e Receptor antagonist promotes recovery and neuroregeneration after traumatic spinal cord injury.

Adipose tissue, angiogenesis and angio-MIR under physiological and pathological conditions.

Angiogenesis is a crucial process for the maintenance of normal tissue physiology and it is involved in tissue remodeling and regeneration. This process is essential for adipose tissue maintenance. The adipose tissue is composed by different cell types including stromal vascular cells as well as adipose stem cells (ASCs). In particular, ASCs are multipotent somatic stem cells that are able to differentiate and secrete several growth factors; they are recently emerging as a new cell reservoir for novel therapies and strategies in many diseases. Several studies suggest that ASCs have peculiar properties and participate in different disease-related processes such as angiogenesis. Furthermore, …

E26The effects of LIPUS on ctDNA release in the medium of NSCLC cell lines

Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) application has been shown to have an encouraging effect in inducing a transient pore formation through cellular membranes. This permeability condition has been demonstrated to be useful in enhancing gene and drug delivery. Nowadays, in the management of NSCLC patients, the use of liquid biopsy has entered the clinical practice. One of the main limits in the analysis of circulating tumor DNA is the low concentration rate of nucleic acids in body fluids. Ultrasound stimulation (US) has been recently demonstrated to be effective for the release of specific circulating tumor biomarkers in many mouse models. We demonstrated the role of US in inducing the …

Molecular analysis of Spheroids from Adipose-derived Stem Cells (S-ASCs) during in vitro long-term culture.

κ-Carrageenan and PVA blends as bioinks to 3D print scaffolds for cartilage reconstruction.

3D printing of polymeric scaffolds and autologous stem cells is a promising tool for damaged facial cartilage reconstruction surgeries. To this end, suitable bioinks are needed to generate scaffolds with the required morphological and functional features. We formulated hydrogel bioinks using k-Carrageen (kC) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in three different weight ratios. The kC gives the systems the ability to undergo rapid sol-to-gel transitions upon cooling from 60 °C and above to body temperature, while the PVA is used as rheology modifier and porogen. The latter is crosslinked after molding or printing by freeze-thaw cycling for 1 day (FT1) or 5 days (FT5). To select the most suitable f…

CANCER STEM CELLS CONTRIBUTE TO THE AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR OF HUMAN EPITHELIAL COLON CANCER.

Blockade of IL-8 receptor promotes recovery and neuroregeneration after traumatic spinal cord injury.

Human Spheroids from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Induce Calvarial Bone Production in a Xenogeneic Rabbit Model

ABSTRACT: Calvarial defects can result from several causes. Tissue engineering hold the potential to restore native form and protective function. We have recently shown that stemness and differentiation ability of spheroids from adipose-derived stem cells (S-ASCs) promotes osteoblasts growth within Integra in a small vertebral lesion. In our study, we aimed to test osteogenic potential of S-ASCs in aiding regeneration of a calvarial defect. Groups containing Integra showed increased bone regeneration at the calvarial defect-Integra interface compared with the control group. In particular, S-ASC-derived osteoblasts group showed a superior calvarial remodeling than undifferentiated S-ASCs gro…

Thyroid stem cells: phenotypic properties, differentiation, potential and regulation by bone morphogenetic proteins

Ischemia-reperfusion injury, a clinical problem during cardiac surgery, involves worsened adenosine trisphosphate (ATP) generation and damage to the heart. We studied carbon monoxide ( CO) pretreatment, proven valuable in rodents but not previously tested in large animals, for its effects on pig hearts subjected to cardiopulmonary bypass with cardioplegic arrest. Hearts of CO-treated pigs showed significantly higher ATP and phosphocreatine levels, less interstitial edema, and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and required fewer defibrillations after bypass. We conclude that treatment with CO improves the energy status, prevents edema formation and apoptosis, and facilitates recovery in a clinical…

Analysis of MSCs' secretome and EVs cargo: Evaluation of functions and applications

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can exert different functions and can be used in several medical fields. In the last years, MSC properties have been attributed to their secreted factors such as soluble proteins, cytokines and growth factors. Moreover, a key role is played by the extracellular vesicles (EVs) which lead a heterogeneous cargo of proteins, lipids and small and long non-coding RNAs that interfere with the pathways of the recipient cells. Due to the safeness and easiness in obtaining the secretome, its use is becoming a turning point for the application in physiological and pathological fields. This review summarizes the most recent studies on the use of MSCs secretome, focusing on…

Transplantation of neural stem cells into the spinal cord after acute traumatic spinal cord injury: fate and effects.

Spheroids of adipose derived stem cells show their potential in differentiating towards the angiogenic lineage

Introduction: Adipose derived stem cells (ASCs) are a mesenchymal stem cell population of great scientific interest due to their abundance and easiness in obtaining them from adipose tissue. Recently, several techniques for three dimensional (3D) ASCs cultivation have been developed to obtain spheroids of adipose stem cells (SASCs). It was already proved that ASCs are able to differentiate towards the endothelial lineage thus, for the first time, we investigated the ability of our 3D SASCs to differentiate endothelially and the effects of not differentiated SASC secreted factors on specific cultured cells. Materials and methods: SASCs were differentiated with a specific medium towards endot…

Spinal cord injury and neural stem cells transplantation

Systematic review on spheroids from adipose‐derived stem cells: Spontaneous or artefact state?

Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures represent the spontaneous state of stem cells with specific gene and protein molecular expression that are more alike the in vivo condition. In vitro two-dimensional (2D) cell adhesion cultures are still commonly employed for various cellular studies such as movement, proliferation and differentiation phenomena; this procedure is standardized and amply used in laboratories, however their representing the original tissue has recently been subject to questioning. Cell cultures in 2D require a support/substrate (flasks, multiwells, etc.) and use of fetal bovine serum as an adjuvant that stimulates adhesion that most likely leads to cellular aging. A 3D envi…

Fate of autologous dermal stem cells transplanted into spinal cord or supplied by intravenous infusion after traumatic injury (TSCI). Evaluation the recovery from hindlimb disability.

Injectable xyloglucan hydrogels incorporating spheroids of adipose stem cells for bone and cartilage regeneration

Abstract Cartilage or bone regeneration approaches based on the direct injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) at the lesion site encounter several challenges, related to uncontrolled cell spreading and differentiation, reduced cell viability and poor engrafting. This work presents a simple and versatile strategy based on the synergic combination of in-situ forming hydrogels and spheroids of adipose stem cells (SASCs) with great potential for minimally invasive regenerative interventions aimed to threat bone and cartilage defects. Aqueous dispersions of partially degalactosylated xyloglucan (dXG) are mixed with SASCs derived from liposuction and either a chondroinductive or an osteoinduc…

Fate and action of neural stem cells after transplantation into the spinal cord after acute traumatic spinal cord injury.

Immunomodulation in vascularized composite allotransplantation: What is the role for adipose-derived stem cells?

Hand and face transplants are becoming increasingly common, recording progressively more penile, uterus, abdominal wall, and allotransplantation cases reported worldwide. Despite current protocols allow long-term survival of the allografts, the ultimate goal of donor-specific tolerance has not been achieved yet. In fact, the harmful adverse effects related to the lifelong administration of immunosuppressive agents are the main drawbacks for vascularized composite allotransplantations. Research is very active in investigating alternative methods to induce greater tolerance while minimizing toxicity. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) represent promising cell therapies for immunomodulation in …