Taste disorders in disease

Among the different sensory systems, gustation is one of the most elaborate. In its sensory task, gustation is helped by interactions with other sensory systems (olfaction, vision, audition, and somatosensory, trigeminal and thermal sensations). It allows the detection and identification of soluble compounds which can be ingested or must be avoided. This function is fundamental to ingestive behavior (energy intake and selection of nutrients) in order to meet physiological needs. Taste is also fundamental to the genesis of hedonic sensations and, therefore, the desire to eat (appetite). The tasting step is also the first stage of the digestion, absorption, and storage of nutrients due to ant…

Increased erythrocytes n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids is significantly associated with a lower prevalence of steatosis in patients with type 2 diabetes

Summary Background & aims Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is commonly associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Although dietary fat contributes substantially to the accumulation of liver fat, the role of individual fatty acids in this accumulation is unclear. Objective In this study, we set out to determine whether liver fat content (LFC), was associated with red blood cell fatty acid (RBC-FA) composition in people with type 2 diabetes. Design, settings, and participants One hundred and sixty-two type 2 diabetic patients were included in this study. LFC was measured using 1H-MR Spectroscopy. RBC-FA composition was measured by gas chromatography. Results One…

Qualité de l'évaluation de l'état nutritionnel et évaluation de l'observance des compléments nutritionnels oraux chez des patients hospitalisés au CHU de Dijon.

International audience

No Improvement of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Vasorelaxant Effect Despite Increase in HDL Cholesterol Concentration in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Treated With Glitazones

Abstract Context: High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) from type 2 diabetic patients are unable to counteract the inhibitory effect of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDLs) on vasorelaxation. We hypothesized that glitazones, which improve glycemic control and dyslipidemia, could correct this abnormality. Objectives and Design: We compared the ability of HDL from controls (n = 12) and from type 2 diabetic patients before and after 6 months of treatment with either rosiglitazone (n = 11) or pioglitazone (n = 8) to counteract the inhibitory effect of ox-LDL on vasodilatation of rabbit aorta rings. Results: Rosiglitazone induced a decrease in hemoglobin A1c (7.7% ± 1.1% vs 9.8% ± 1.0%, P = .0…

PNPLA3 polymorphism influences liver fibrosis in unselected patients with type 2 diabetes

Context: Recently, it has been shown that an allele in the adiponutrin (PNPLA3) gene was strongly associated with increased liver fat content (LFC) and liver fibrosis independent of visceral adiposity and insulin resistance. Objective: In this study, we set out to determine whether the PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism was associated with liver fibrosis in unselected patients with type 2 diabetes. Design, setting and participants: Two hundred and thirty-four patients with type 2 diabetes were included in this study. Main outcome measures: LFC was evaluated using 1H-MR spectroscopy; fibrosis was measured using the non-invasive FibroTest®. Results: Advanced liver fibrosis (stage F2 or above) was o…

Comportement alimentaire, facteurs psychosociaux et Indice de Masse Corporelle

International audience

Does weight status increase vulnerability to the food environment?

Obesity is an important public health issue with socioeconomic consequences. Its origin is multifactorial, with environmental, biological, psychological and social dimensions. Furthermore, its consequences involve physical, psychological and social complications on an individual level. The main tool employed to categorize individuals according to their weight status is the body mass index (BMI). This indicator, based on the ratio of weight to height, is used to define what constitutes a "normal" weight status (between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m 2), overweight (between 25 and 29.9 kg/m 2), and obesity (30 kg/m 2 and above). Current approaches to tackling obesity target a number of actors in the food…

[Hedonic perception and taste of food in patients with type 2 diabetes - Impact of treatment with a GLP-1: Liraglutide] / P19 Perception hédonique et gustative des aliments chez les patients diabétiques de type 2 - Impact du traitement par un analogue du GLP-1 : le Liraglutide

Special Issue 2 : Résumés des communications de la réunion scientifique de la SFD, de la SFD Paramédical et de l'AJD ; WOS: 000302819400145; International audience

Étude exploratoire de l’effet d’un amorçage olfactif sur les biais attentionnels chez des adultes normo-pondéraux, en surpoids et obèses

National audience; Introduction Hendrikse et al. [1] mettent en évidence des biais attentionnels (le fait que notre attention soit attirée par certains stimuli plus perceptivement saillants que d’autres dans l’environnement) différents selon le statut pondéral des individus. Ces biais attentionnels sont exacerbés chez les individus en surpoids et obèses face à des stimuli alimentaires à haute densité énergétique [2]. Ces biais semblent jouer un rôle dans le développement et dans le maintien de l'obésité. Notre étude se propose d’étudier les biais attentionnels chez des adultes normo-pondéraux (NP), en surpoids (SP) et obèses (OB) ainsi que les effets d’odeurs alimentaires sur ces biais, en …

Circulating Apelin is increased in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and is associated with better glycaemic control

SummaryContext Apelin is an adipokine expressed in several tissues and it appears to be involved in energy metabolism. Objective The aim of this study was to determine serum apelin levels in a large cohort of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and control subjects and to correlate the results with glycaemic control. Design and Participants One hundred and thirty patients with type 1 diabetes, 98 patients with type 2 diabetes and 162 controls were enrolled in the study. Apelin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Serum apelin levels were significantly higher in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients than in controls (P < 0·0001). Serum apelin levels were high…

Pravastatin reverses the membrane cholesterol reorganization induced by myocardial infarction within lipid rafts in CD14(+)/CD16(-) circulating monocytes.

International audience; Large numbers of monocytes are recruited in the infarcted myocardium. Their cell membranes contain cholesterol-rich microdomains called lipids rafts, which participate in numerous signaling cascades. In addition to its cholesterol-lowering effect, pravastatin has several pleiotropic effects and is widely used as secondary prevention treatment after myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pravastatin on the organization of cholesterol within monocyte membrane rafts from patients who had suffered myocardial infarction. Monocytes from healthy donors and acute MI patients were cultured with or without 4μM pravastatin. Lipid raf…

Depression and obesity, data from a national administrative database study: Geographic evidence for an epidemiological overlap

BackgroundDepression and obesity are two major conditions with both psychological and somatic burdens. Some data suggest strong connections between depression and obesity and more particularly associated prevalence of both disorders. However, little is known about the geographical distribution of these two diseases. This study aimed to determine if there is spatial overlap between obesity and depression using data from the entire French territory.MethodsData for 5,627 geographic codes for metropolitan France were collected from the two national hospital databases (PMSI-MCO and RIM-P) for the year 2016. We identified people who were depressed, obese or both registered in the two public medic…

Différences de capacités de contrôle face aux aliments chez des individus normo-pondéraux, en surpoids et en obésité

International audience

Influence du liraglutide (analogue du GLP-1) sur les caractéristiques hédoniques de la prise alimentaire et les performances gustatives, chez les patients diabétiques de type 2

P003. Histoire pondérale de 238 femmes souffrant d'anorexie mentale ou de boulimie

Poster affiché ; http://www.jfn2010.com

La place des Compléments Nutritionnels Oraux dans le processus de soins à l'hôpital : évaluation des pratiques professionnelles et des représentations

International audience; L’évaluation nutritionnelle et le dépistage de la dénutrition se basent sur des critères recommandés par les instances de santé. En pratique, ces recommandations ne sont pas toujours bien appliquées par les soignants. Lorsqu’un patient est dénutri et que la mise en place d’une complémentation nutritionnelle orale a lieu, les discours des soignants vis-à-vis des CNO sont divers. Leur statut peut alors manquer de clarté pour les soignants comme pour les patients et c’est pourquoi il est nécessaire que leurs rôles et leurs fonctions soient explicités, cohérents et compris par chacun. Cet article a pour but de faire l’état des lieux des pratiques professionnelles autour …

People with insulin-treated diabetes have achieved an original educational program for the use of flash glucose monitoring: results from a cohort of 814 subjects

International audience

Développement d’une mesure d’orientation de l’attention visuelle vers des stimuli alimentaires : Adaptation de la Visual Probe Task

National audience

Glycation des HDL et conséquences chez le patient diabétique

Resume Les HDL ont un role majeur dans l’homeostasie vasculaire. Leur action protectrice passe notamment par leur recepteur specifique SR-BI (pour scavenger receptor de classe B type 1 ). La glycation des HDL, phenomene majeur observe au cours d’un diabete, a de nombreuses consequences nefastes vasculaires. La glycation des HDL entraine une augmentation de leur catabolisme, un defaut du transport inverse du cholesterol, une perte de leurs proprietes anti-inflammatoires et anti-oxydantes, notamment sur les LDL oxydees, lipoproteines atherogenes presentes en abondance dans les maladies chroniques. Cliniquement, cela se traduit par une dysfonction endotheliale, phenomene cardiovasculaire delet…

Impacts of emotional regulation and inhibition on Emotional Eating (EE) and Binge Eating Disorder (BED): Protocol for a scoping review

Hedonic perception and taste of food in patients with type 2 diabetes - Impact of treatment with a GLP-1: Liraglutide.

Attentional biases toward food pictures: influence of olfactory priming according to weight status

International audience

Use of added sugar, salt and fat in the first year in France and associated factors in the ELFE cohort study

National audience; Background and Aims: To describe added sugar, salt and fat uses and their determinants during complementary feeding (CF) period in infants aged 3 to 10 months. Methods: Data are drawn from the ELFE study (Etude longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance) which included >18000 infants in 2011. A frequency food questionnaire of consumption of added sugar, salt and fat was monthly completed by the mother from the 3rd to the 10th month (N=10,649). The associations between the use of each added-ingredient and (1) socio-economic characteristics and (2) infant care and feeding practices were studied with two models (the second including the factors of the first) with multivariate …

Anorexie mentale : analyse des réponses sensorielles et hédoniques explicites et implicites en réponse à des stimulations olfactives et visuelles et au repas

National audience

Gustatory evoked potentials and cerebral control of food intake in obese subjects (PEGASE study)

Potential influence of Type A personality on plasma C-reactive protein levels in people with diabetes

IF 4.693; Aim. Type A personality, although classically known as a factor linked to increased vascular risk, has recently been associated with increased survival in patients with diabetes. As low-grade inflammation predicts a poor outcome, the present study explored the potential associations between Type A and plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in diabetes. Methods. Type A personality was assessed by the Bortner questionnaire in people with diabetes. The association between Type A and plasma CRP levels was examined by multivariable linear regression, and structural equation modelling (SEM) was performed to determine the impact of the major clinical, biological and psychological conf…

Treatment by GLP-1 agonist modulates hedonic response to food and taste sensitivity in type 2 diabetes

Context: Besides their potential action in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), GLP-1 analogues have been shown to decrease satiety and food intake. However, little is known about their effects on food hedonic and taste perceptions. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of GLP-1 analogue Liraglutide on the liking and wanting component of the food reward system as well as on taste sensitivity in T2DM patients. . Research design and methods: Thirty T2DM patients were studied before and after 3 months of daily Liraglutide treatment (1.2 mg). In each trial, blood samples were collected and body mass composition was analyzed by dual-energy X-ray absorpt…

Histoire pondérale de 238 femmes souffrant d'anorexie mentale ou de boulimie

Deleterious effect of glycation on the ability of HDL to counteract the inhibitory effect of oxidized LDL on endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation

Background Contrary to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) from normolipidaemic and normoglycaemic subjects, HDL from diabetic patients loses its ability to reverse the inhibition of vasorelaxation induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The aim of this study was to analyze the role of glycation, a major abnormality observed in diabetes, on the impairment of the vasorelaxant effect of HDL. Methods HDL from healthy subjects was glycated in vitro by incubation in glucose 200 mmol/L for 3 days. Vasoreactivity was evaluated by the relaxation response to acetylcholine of rabbit aorta rings pre-contracted with noradrenaline, before and after 2 h incubation with or without different lipoprot…

Influence d’un amorçage olfactif chez des adultes de statut pondéral diffèrent

National audience

Influence du liraglutide (analogue du GLP-1) sur les caractéristiques hédoniques de la prise alimentaire et les performances gustatives, chez les patients diabétiques de type 2

Titre anglais : Treatment by GLP-1 agonist modulates hedonic responses to food and taste sensitivity in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Increased body fat mass reduces the association between fructosamine and glycated hemoglobin in obese type 2 diabetes patients

Abstract Obesity is increasing in patients with type 2 diabetes. A possible reduced association between fructosamine and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in obese individuals has been previously discussed, but this has never been specifically evaluated in type 2 diabetes, and the potential influence of body fat mass and fat distribution has never been studied. We studied 112 type 2 diabetes patients with assessment of fat mass, liver fat and fat distribution. Patients with body mass index (BMI) above the median (34.9 kg/m2), versus BMI below the median, had a correlation coefficient between fructosamine and HbA1c significantly reduced (r = 0.358 vs r = 0.765). In the whole population, fructosami…