Involvement of plasmalogens and iPLA2 in the control of post-natal retinal vascular development in the mouse

Involvement of plasmalogens and iPLA2 in the control of post-natal retinal vascular development in the mouse. 16. GEM - 10. GERLI lipidomics meeting: from membranes to pathologies

Functional and anatomical outcomes after successful macula-off retinal detachment surgery, a 12 month-follow-up

This is an abstract that was submitted for the 2016 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Seattle, Wash., May 1-5, 2016.; Purpose: To describe the changes of retinal structure and function after successful repair of macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Methods: Prospective multicenter study including patients with successful surgery for macula-off RRD between October 2011 and April 2014. Those with pre-existing macular diseases or with surgery failures were excluded. Each patient underwent a complete ophthalmologic exam at baseline and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the surgery (M1, M3, M6, M12, respectively). Function was assessed by measuring the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) …

Plasma omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and macular pigment optical density in subjects at high risk for age-related macular degeneration: the Limpia Study

This is an abstract that was submitted for the 2016 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Seattle, Wash., May 1-5, 2016.; Purpose: In numerous epidemiological studies, omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been associated with a decreased risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Beyond their structural, functional and neuroprotective roles, omega 3 PUFAs may favor the retinal accumulation of lutein and zeaxanthin and thus increase macular pigment optical density (MPOD). We examined the associations of MPOD with plasma omega 3 PUFAs in subjects with at least one parent affected by neovascular AMD. Methods: The Limpia study is a double-blind, placebo controlled, prospective randomize…

High fat-high fructose diet triggered metabolic syndrome and retinal neovascular complications in the rat

This is an abstract that was submitted for the 2016 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Seattle, Wash., May 1-5, 2016.; Purpose : On the contrary to type II diabetes, the consequences of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the retina are poorly documented. MetS includes insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia and abdominal adiposity. Vascular changes are strongly associated to metabolic diseases. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that feeding rats with high fructose (60%) and high fat (10%) would contribute to the development of MetS and neovascular retinal complications.Methods : Male Brown Norway rats (6 weeks of age) were fed with a regular chow diet or a 60% rich fructose+10% lipid-rich di…

Retinopathy of prematurity screening: evaluation of a first screening

Purpose: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening concerns preterm infants born before 32 weeks of amenorrhea and/or weighting less than 1500 grams. First screening occurs usually 4 to 6 weeks after birth and always after 31 weeks of amenorrhea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the number of examinations performed before the first signs of retinopathy, in order to determine the best time for first screening.Methods: This retrospective study enrolled preterm infants born before 32 weeks of amenorrhea and/or weighting less than 1500 grams in the University Hospital of Dijon, France, between 11/15/2012 and 12/31/2013. All preterm babies benefited from a ROP screening by fundus ph…

Gangliosides in the retina: a comparative inventory with brain and other ocular structures

International audience

Time course of IOP elevation, electroretinographic changes and retinal ganglion cell loss in a rat model of glaucoma induced by laser

International audience; Purpose: To evaluate the time course of intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation, electroretinographic changes and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss in a rat model of glaucoma induced by photocoagulation of the trabeculum and the episcleral and limbal veins. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were used at 6 weeks of age. At least 3 of the episcleral veins, the trabeculum and the limbal veins were photocoagulated with a laser at 532nm (Quantel Medical, Vitra) in one eye of the animals. IOP and electroretinogram (ERG) were monitored every 2 weeks during 11 weeks after photocoagulation. Three months after laser photocoagulation, the RGC population was identified with a 5% Flu…

A Pharmacoepidemiological study of intravitreal drug consumption in the first 12 months of treatment. The EPIdemiology and SAFEty collaboration

The ocular penetration of oral sparfloxacin in humans

The penetration of sparfloxacin into the aqueous humor after oral administration was studied in 28 patients undergoing cataract surgery. Each patient received a single, oral dose of 400 mg of sparfloxacin. In eight other patients scheduled to undergo vitreal surgery, multiple daily oral doses were administered for a total amount of 1,000 mg. The aqueous levels were (mean +/- SEM) 0.127 +/- 0.036 microgram/ml to 0.404 +/- 0.159 microgram/ml from two to 24 hours after ingestion. In the vitreous, the mean drug level was 0.840 microgram/ml (range, 0.480 to 2.060 microgram/ml), from 4.3 to 8.0 hours after the most recent oral dose. Blood samples obtained at the same time as vitreous and aqueous …

Ocular Penetration of Topically Applied Norfloxacin 0.3% in the Rabbits and in Humans

The kinetics of topically applied norfloxacin 0.3 percent were studied in rabbit and man. All measurements were performed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Norfloxacin concentrations were investigated five to 120 minutes in rabbit ocular tissues after instillation of a single drop. In normal eyes, after 30 minutes, mean +/- SEM levels were 14.3 +/- 3.7 micrograms/g in cornea, 3.3 +/- 0.7 micrograms/g in conjunctiva, 0.2 +/- 0.1 microgram/g in aqueous humor. After removal of the corneal epithelium concentrations were as follows: 84.2 +/- 15.8 micrograms/g, 7.3 +/- 2.3 micrograms/g, 8.6 +/- 1.9 micrograms/g respectively. Penetration in posterior ocular tissues were rather poor. In human…

Characterization of plasmalogens in retinal glial cells

Purpose: Plasmalogens (or ether-lipids) constitute a particular class of glycerophospholipids that are characterized by the presence of a vinyl-ether bond at the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone and by the preferential esterification of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) at the sn-2 position. Although their exact functions remain enigmatic, previous data from our laboratory suggest that plasmalogens play crucial functions during retinal vessel development by affecting astrocyte template formation (Saab et al PLoSONE 2014;9(6):e101076). The aim of this study was to better characterize plasmalogens in the retina and to determine which cells are responsible for plasmalogens production w…

Bioavailability of dietary omega-3 DHA and lutein for the retina: results from a preclinical study in mini-pigs with encapsulated nutrients

Purpose: Epidemiological studies support the hypothesis that dietary omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids prevent from Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). AREDS2 failed to find benefits of omega-3 supplementation on the progression to advanced AMD. However, lower risk progression was reported in AMD patients of the NAT2 study whom omega-3 incorporation in red blood cells and plasma was the highest. Our purpose was to test whether feeding mini-pigs with encapsulated docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and lutein would promote the bioavailability of the nutrients in plasma and tissues including the retina. Methods: Microparticles containing lutein and DHA were formed by s…

Severe corneal complications following vitreoretinal surgery

Severe corneal complications following vitreoretinal surgery. annual meeting of the association-for-research-in-vision-and-ophthalmology (ARVO)

Role of 24-S-hydroxycholesterol in membrane dynamics during retinal gliosis in glaucoma

International audience; Purpose : Glaucoma is a severe and irreversible ocular disease characterized by progressive optic neuropathy with the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC). One of the established causes of RGC apoptosis is Müller Glial Cell (MGC) activation, called “retinal gliosis”. MGC are the most numerous glial cells in the retina and one of their roles is to maintain cholesterol homeostasis. A lack or an excess of cholesterol in neurons can cause neuro-degeneration. Cholesterol 24S-hydroxylase (CYP46A1) is present in RGC where it catalyses the formation of 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC), and thereby participates to cholesterol elimination. CYP46A1 is overexpressed during glauc…

Retidiab®: Assessment of a continuing medical education website for the improvement of diabetic retinopathy management

International audience; Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of a continuing medical education (CME) website to improve the knowledge of ophthalmologists for the management of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: A World Wide Web site called RETIDIAB® was created. At their first connexion, users had to answer a first test in order to evaluate their baseline level. Then they could have free access to the entire website, any time they wanted, with no obligation of duration. The website was composed of a course and different kind of trainings which were multiple choice questionnaires (MCQ) focused on the course, interpretation of diabetics’ fundus photographs, and case reports…

Implication of 24-S-hydroxycholesterol in Muller glial cell's membrane dynamics in the rat.

Implication of 24-S-hydroxycholesterol in Muller glial cell's membrane dynamics in the rat.. Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO)

Longitudinal study of retinal status using optical coherence tomography after acute post-cataract endophthalmitis

Cholesterol homeostasis and retinal stress in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

International audience

Maternal n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids increase n-3 fatty acids in brain glial cells and retina in the rat and improve rod sensitivity

International audience; Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) given to female rats during gestation and lactation on the incorporation of n-3 PUFA in the retina and brain glial cells of the newborn rat, and to evaluate the consequences on the electroretinographic (ERG) response. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were fed during gestation and lactation with a 20%-lipid rich diet containing 0.75% of EPA and 0.55% of DHA. The fatty acid profile was analyzed in the eyeball and in brain glial cells of the litters sacrificed at birth. The retina and brain glial cell phospholipids were similarly analyzed in 14 day-old rats and in the mothers. Standard…

Loss of rod sensitivity and gene expression changes in the retina of fructose-fed insulin-resistant mice

Purpose: Metabolic syndrome is of major concern in Western countries since it predisposes individuals to the development of diabetes. Insulin resistance is one of the biochemical features of the metabolic syndrome. Fructose feeding has been used to elicit insulin resistance in rodents. Our purpose was to characterize the functional and gene expression changes in the retina after long term feeding mice with a fructose-enriched diet.Methods: Control and ApoB100,LDLR-/- mice, a murine model of aging of the human retina, were fed with a 60%-rich fructose diet for 8 months. Scotopic single flash and Flicker electroretinograms were recorded to monitor the response of the retina to flash stimuli. …

Quantitative analysis of fatty acids on choline- and ethanolamine-phospholipids in human ocular and non-ocular tissues by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS)

Quantitative analysis of fatty acids on choline- and ethanolamine-phospholipids in human ocular and non-ocular tissues by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). annual meeting of the association-for-research-in-vision-and-ophthalmology (ARVO)