Thymus essential oil extraction, characterization and incorporation in phospholipid vesicles for the antioxidant/antibacterial treatment of oral cavity diseases
The aim of the work was to extract, characterize, and formulate Thymus capitatus (Tymbra capitata) essential oil in phospholipid vesicles: liposomes, glycerosomes and Penetration Enhancer-containing Vesicles (PEVs). The steam-distilled essential oil was mainly composed of carvacrol. The oil was mixed with lecithin and water to produce liposomes, or different ratios of water/glycerol or water/propylene glycol (PG) to produce glycerosomes and PG-PEVs, respectively. Cryo-TEM showed the formation of unilamellar, spherical vesicles, and light scattering disclosed that their size increased in the presence of glycerol or PG, which improved long-term stability. The formulations were highly biocompa…
Phytocomplexes extracted from grape seeds and stalks delivered in phospholipid vesicles tailored for the treatment of skin damages
Abstract In the present work, red grape seed and stalk extracts were incorporated in vesicular systems designed for topical application. The phytocomplexes were obtained by maceration of biomasses in ethanol and subsequent lyophilisation. Seed extract was rich in catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, while gallic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, quercetin 3-glucoside and malvidin-3-glucoside were detected in higher amounts in the stalk extract. Both extracts were incorporated in liposomes, hyalurosomes and transfersomes. In addition, hyalo-transfersomes were developed for the first time in this work, by combining the main modifiers of hyalurosomes and transfersomes (i.e., so…