0000000001025709
AUTHOR
C. Beninati
The role of endosomal toll-like receptors in bacterial recognition
BACKGROUND: Infections caused by extracellular Gram positive bacteria are still a major health problems. Better understanding of the mechanisms underlying immune responses to these organisms is key to develop pharmacological agents, including vaccines, to control these infections. OBJECTIVE AND PERSPECTIVES: The objective of this review is to highlight the importance of nucleic acid-sensing, intracellular Toll-like receptors in innate immune recognition and in host defenses against extracellular bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: Toll-like receptors 7 and 9 have a major role in inducing host-protective type I interferon responses in conventional dendritic cells in response to streptococci and other ext…
Haemophagocytic syndrome in rheumatic patients. A systematic review
BACKGROUND: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), is a potentially fatal hyperinflammatory syndrome characterized fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and cytopenias. HLH can be either primary, with a genetic aetiology, or secondary, associated with malignancies, autoimmune diseases, or infections. Among rheumatic disorders, HLH occurs most frequently in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. AIM: To draw attention on this severe syndrome that may often go undiagnosed in patient with rheumatic diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed search was performed by combining the terms (haemophagocytic, haemophagocytosis, hemophagocytosis, hemophagocytic, erythrophagocytosis, macrophage activation syndrom…
Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in zoonoses. A systematic review
BACKGROUND: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare syndrome that is often fatal despite treatment. It is caused by a dysregulation in natural killer T-cell function, resulting in activation and proliferation of histiocytes with uncontrolled hemophagocytosis and cytokines overproduction. The syndrome is characterized by fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenias, liver dysfunction, and hyperferritinemia. HLH can be either primary, with a genetic aetiology, or secondary, associated with malignancies, autoimmune diseases, or infections. AIM: To focus on secondary HLH complicating zoonotic diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed search of human cases of HLH occurring during zoonotic dise…