The C-terminal Domains of Apoptotic BH3-only Proteins Mediate Their Insertion into Distinct Biological Membranes

Changes in the equilibrium of pro- and anti-apoptotic members of the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein family in the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) induce structural changes that commit cells to apoptosis. Bcl-2 homology-3 (BH3)-only proteins participate in this process by either activating pro-apoptotic effectors or inhibiting anti-apoptotic components and by promoting MOM permeabilization. The association of BH3-only proteins with MOMs is necessary for the activation and amplification of death signals; however, the nature of this association remains controversial, as these proteins lack a canonical transmembrane sequence. Here we used an in vitro expression system to study the inserti…

Gestion des adventices en semis-direct : l’effet du couvert varie selon les ressources du sol et le mode de destruction du couvert

National audience; Un essai pluriannuel en semi-direct a testé l’effet des couverts sur la flore adventice et sur les cultures suivantes conduites sans fertilisation et sans désherbage. Une augmentation du nombre d’espèces cultivées dans un mélange ne permet pas de mieux concurrencer les adventices. Un apport d’azote au semis permet au couvert de produire plus de biomasse de couvert mais ne réduit pas le salissement dans le couvert. Comparé à l’action du gel ou au roulage des couverts sur le gel, la destruction chimique du couvert (glyphosate) a réduit l’infestation des adventices dans la culture suivante. Les couverts ne peuvent pas à eux seul assurer une régulation complète des adventices…

Early psychosis in Thauvin‐Robinet‐Faivre syndrome, a complication of the disease?

Holobiont interactions occurring in pea-wheat intercropping impact both plant phenotype and the associated microbiota

Rhizosphere Bacterial Networks, but Not Diversity, Are Impacted by Pea-Wheat Intercropping

International audience; Plant-plant associations, notably cereal-legume intercropping, have been proposed in agroecology to better value resources and thus reduce the use of chemical inputs in agriculture. Wheat-pea intercropping allows to decreasing the use of nitrogen fertilization through ecological processes such as niche complementarity and facilitation. Rhizosphere microbial communities may account for these processes, since they play a major role in biogeochemical cycles and impact plant nutrition. Still, knowledge on the effect of intecropping on the rhizosphere microbiota remains scarce. Especially, it is an open question whether rhizosphere microbial communities in cereal-legume i…

Weed suppression in cover crop mixtures under contrasted levels of resource availability

Cover crop (CC) mixtures appear as a promising agroecological tool for weed management.Although CC supress weed growth by competing for resources, their suppressive effect undercontrasting levels of soil resource availability remains poorly documented. A two field: yearexperiment was conducted to investigate the weed suppressive effect of four CC mixtures.They were composed of 2 or 8 species including or not legume species and compared to abare soil control. The experiment included two levels of irrigation and nitrogen fertilisation atCC sowing. The objectives were to assess (i) weed and CC aboveground biomass response toCC mixtures and resource availability, (ii) the weed suppressive effec…

Determinism and genetic diversity of pea intercropping ability in peawheat association

Intercropping pea (Pisum sativum) with cereals stabilizes the yield and overall quality of the products in the context of low-input cropping conditions thanks to a more efficient use of resources through interspecific competitive interactions [1] . In order to develop this cropping system which increases the sustainability of agroecosystems, we have launched a survey of pea genetic variability for intercropping ability. Field experiments were carried out over two years using 11 phenotypically diverse pea genotypes associated with two contrasted wheat varieties (height, precocity). We characterized several functional architecture and phenology traits potentially impacting the interactions am…

Complementary approaches towards the discovery of genes controlling yield in pea

International audience; Pea is one of the most important grain legumes in the world. Improving pea yield is a critical breedingtarget in the current context of consumers’ increasing demand for plant proteins for food and feed. Becauseof its polygenic nature and the impact of the environment, breeding for higher yield is challenging. Weinvestigated the genetic determinism of yield (SW), seed number (SN) and thousand seed weight (TSW) usingboth linkage and linkage-disequilibrium approaches.Nine interconnected mapping populations, representing a total of 1,213 recombinant inbred lineswere phenotyped for SW, SN and TSW in six different field environments. These lines were genotyped usingthe Gen…

Caractérisation fonctionnelle des partenaires de l’association pois/blés pour l’optimisation d’agro-écosystèmes durables via le levier génétique