0000000001056286
AUTHOR
G. Kraemer
Earth system data cubes unravel global multivariate dynamics
Understanding Earth system dynamics in light of ongoing human intervention and dependency remains a major scientific challenge. The unprecedented availability of data streams describing different facets of the Earth now offers fundamentally new avenues to address this quest. However, several practical hurdles, especially the lack of data interoperability, limit the joint potential of these data streams. Today, many initiatives within and beyond the Earth system sciences are exploring new approaches to overcome these hurdles and meet the growing interdisciplinary need for data-intensive research; using data cubes is one promising avenue. Here, we introduce the concept of Earth system data cu…
Transcranial Doppler sonography in dementia of Alzheimer type.
The intention of this study was to examine the relation of clinical variables and cognitive dysfunction to cerebrovascular blood flow in a sample of patients with Alzheimer''s disease without any sign or symptom of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease. The patients met DSM-III-R criteria for dementia of Alzheimer type. Blood flow velocities in the anterior, middle (MCA) and posterior cerebral arteries were recorded using transcranial Doppler sonography. Several psychometric tests including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were performed. The patients’ age correlated significantly with the systolic flow velocity in the left MCA (r = –0.57) explaining 24% of the total variance; t…
Low-Dimensional Representations of Earth System Processes
In times of global change, we must closely monitor the state of our planet in order to understand gradual or abrupt changes early on. In fact, each of the Earth's subsystems-i.e. the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and anthroposphere-can be analyzed from a multitude of data streams. However, since it is very hard to jointly interpret multiple monitoring data streams in parallel, one often aims for some summarizing indicator. Climate indices, for example, summarize the state of atmospheric circulation in a region, e.g. the Multivariate ENSO (El Ñino-Southern Oscillation) Index. Indicator approaches have been used extensively to describe socioeconomic data too, and a range of …
Summarizing the state of the terrestrial biosphere in few dimensions
Abstract. In times of global change, we must closely monitor the state of the planet in order to understand the full complexity of these changes. In fact, each of the Earth's subsystems – i.e., the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and cryosphere – can be analyzed from a multitude of data streams. However, since it is very hard to jointly interpret multiple monitoring data streams in parallel, one often aims for some summarizing indicator. Climate indices, for example, summarize the state of atmospheric circulation in a region. Although such approaches are also used in other fields of science, they are rarely used to describe land surface dynamics. Here, we propose a robust method to crea…