0000000001062546

AUTHOR

Matthew R. Ryan

Soil weed seedbank composition and structure in a long-term nutrient management experiment

EAGESTAD; Weed communities can be influenced by nutrient availability, nutrient form (e.g. ammonium vs. nitrate), amendment timing, amendment type, and by immigration of seeds during amendment applications. New York ranks third in the United States in the number of dairy cows and thus dairy manure applications are prevalent throughout the state. The objective of this work was to compare the effect of dairy manure and inorganic fertilizer on soil weed seedbank composition and structure in a long-term nutrient management experiment. The field experiment was initiated in 2001 at the Cornell Musgrave Research Farm in Aurora, NY and compared ten treatments in a corn-alfalfa rotation using a rand…

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Optimizing cover crop management for biomass production and potential of weed suppression

International audience; Cover crops have been identified as an efficient tool in non-chemical weed management strategies. Cover crops suppress weeds mainly by competing with them for resources. High production of biomass limits the access of weeds to light and thus reduces their growth. However, cover crop biomass depends on seeding rate, date and termination timing. This study was conducted in seven location (five states) in the Northeastern United States and replicated 3 years. Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), an annual legume, which is one of the most commonly utilized species due to its cold hardiness, was planted at two dates in autumn and at rates of 6 to 50 kg ha-1. The cover crop w…

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Which traits allow weed species to persist in grass margin strips ?

EASPEGESTADINRA; Sown-grass margin strips, historically established to limit pesticide drift and soil erosion, are now also promoted for enhancing floral diversity and associated ecosystem services. To better understand weed community assembly in grass margin strips, we performed floral surveys in 75 sown-grass margin strips in two regions in France and characterized each species using information from trait databases. We hypothesized that traits of dominant species would differ between newly sown-grass margin strips and older strips. Weed species were separated into functional groups based on their traits using multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical ascendant classification. Fun…

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When it comes to tillage, timing matters and drives weed communities

International audience; Tillage is a foundational management practice in many cropping systems to manage weed seedbanks and reduce reliance on herbicides for weed management. Tillage alters established weed communities but can also stimulate weed seed germination and emergence. Hence, viewed within a community assembly framework tillage is a strong assembly filter that can either constrain or advance the membership of species within the subsequent weed community. At four locations in the Northeastern United States, twelve treatments of a single primary tillage (10-cm depth) event at 2-week intervals over the course of the growing season were compared using a randomized complete block design…

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