0000000001087090

AUTHOR

Jean Gayon

showing 18 related works from this author

Animalité et végétalité dans les représentations de l’hérédité

1992

L'hypothese que nous soutiendrons se resume en peu de mots. Depuis le milieu du XIXe siecle, et jusqu'en 1960 au moins, l'heredite n'a cesse de se confirmer comme l'un des problemes centraux, et sans doute comme "le" probleme theorique central, de la biologie moderne. Aussi est-il comprehensible que, par-dela les vicissitudes et les succes de la science empirique de l'heredite, la notion ait suscite toutes sortes de reflexions generales sur la nature meme de la vie. Le concept d'heredite s'est cherche dans une serie de philosophemes qui rappellent etrangement la trilogie aristotelicienne de l'âme. On peut en effet assez aisement reperer des representations vegetalisantes, animalisantes et i…

PhilosophyPhilosophyHumanitiesRevue de synthèse
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The paramount power of selection: From Darwin to Kauffman

1995

For approximately two decades now, the Darwinian interpretation of evolution has now been challenged in many ways. Modern criticisms make it difficult, even for the staunchest Darwinians, not to take a distance from Darwin’s bold phrases on the “power” of natural selection. Let me remind you of some famous declarations of Darwin on the subject: “It may be said that natural selection is daily and hourly scrutinising, throughout the world, every variation, even the slightest; rejecting that which is bad, preserving and adding up all that is good; silently and insensibly working, whenever and wherever opportunity offers, at the improvement of each organic being in relation to its organic and i…

010506 paleontology0303 health sciencesNatural selectionbusiness.industryInterpretation (philosophy)Subject (philosophy)selectionEnvironmental ethics01 natural sciencesPower (social and political)[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences03 medical and health sciencesDarwin (ADL)DarwinismArtificial intelligenceForm of the GoodRelation (history of concept)business030304 developmental biology0105 earth and related environmental sciencesMathematics
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Boris Ephrussi and the Synthesis of Genetics and Embryology

1991

The career of Boris Ephrussi (1901–1979) presents a series of fascinating perspectives on the intellectual and sociological difficulties that plagued those who wished to reconcile genetics and embryology during the middle of this century (2–8). Ephrussi was born in a suburb of Moscow, but spent much of his working career in France, with important periods in the United States. He made major contributions to the rapprochement between genetics and developmental biology. His work, which we believe has been undervalued both by historians of biology and by subsequent generations of biologists, is worth studying for at least three reasons: 1. Throughout his long career, he sought an adequate causa…

Genetics0303 health sciences[SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT]Institutionalisation[SDV.OT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT]Theoretical modelsBiology[ SHS.HISPHILSO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of SciencesVariety (cybernetics)[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences03 medical and health sciencessymbols.namesake0302 clinical medicinehistory of science[SHS.HISPHILSO] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of SciencesEmbryologyMendelian inheritancesymbols[ SDV.OT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT]History of science030217 neurology & neurosurgery030304 developmental biologyCausal analysis
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The singular fate of Genetics in the History of French Biology, 1900-1940

1988

In this study we have examined the reception of Mendelism in France from 1900 to 1940, and the place of some of the extra-Mendelian traditions of research that contributed to the development of genetics in France after World War II. Our major findings are: (1) Mendelism was widely disseminated in France and thoroughly understood by many French biologists from 1900 on. With the notable exception of Lucien Cuenot, however, there were few fundamental contributions to the Mendelian tradition, and virtually none from about 1915 to the midthirties. Prior to 1900, Cuenot's work was already marked by a striking interest in physiological mechanisms; his physiological preoccupations played a consider…

Genetics[SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT]media_common.quotation_subjectphilosophy of biologyWorld War IIHistory Modern 1601-Resistance (psychoanalysis)Biology[ SHS.HISPHILSO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of SciencesEpistemology[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciencessymbols.namesakePhilosophy of biologyHistory and Philosophy of ScienceMendelian inheritancesymbolsGeneticsExperimental biologyFrance[ SDV.OT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT]InheritanceGeneral Agricultural and Biological SciencesPigment formationHistory of sciencemedia_common
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Les réflexions méthodologiques de Claude Bernard : contexte et origines

1996

National audience

[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of SciencesMéthodologie[SHS.HISPHILSO] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of SciencesReprésentationDéterminismePratiqueComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS[ SHS.HISPHILSO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of SciencesPhysiologie
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Les sciences biologiques et médicales en France, 1920-1950

1994

[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences[SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT][SHS.HISPHILSO] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences[SDV.OT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT]France20e siècle[ SDV.OT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT]médecine[ SHS.HISPHILSO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Scienceshistoire des sciences
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Enseigner la bio-éthique? Réflexions d'un philosophe sur une espèce hybride

1996

[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciencesbiologie[SHS.HISPHILSO] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Scienceséthique[ SHS.HISPHILSO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences
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Aux origines de l'embryologie biométrique

1996

National audience

[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciencesstatistiques[SHS.HISPHILSO] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of SciencesevolutionembryologiebiométrieComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS[ SHS.HISPHILSO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Scienceshistoire des sciences
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Genetics after World War II: The Laboratories at Gif

1989

(Ire partie); National audience

[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences[SHS.HISPHILSO] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciencesphilosophy of biology[ SHS.HISPHILSO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences
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Le paradigme de la filiation

1995

[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences[SHS.HISPHILSO] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciencesphilosophie de la biologie[ SHS.HISPHILSO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences
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De la catégorie de style en histoire des sciences

1996

National audience; Depuis une dizaine d'années environ, l'usage du mot "style" s'est répandu comme une épidémie parmi les historiens des sciences. L'on ne compte plus les congrès et colloques comportant des sessions sur les "styles nationaux" ou "locaux" de recherche scientifique.1 L'on remarque aussi la prolifération d'expressions telles que "style de pensée", "style de raisonnement", "style d'argumentation", dans la littérature ordinaire d'histoire et de philosophie des sciences (Crombie 1982, 1992, 1994 ; Fruton 1990 ; Gavroglu 1990 ; Hacking, 1983, 1992a, 192b, 1992 ; Harwood 1993). Ces usages sont déconcertants, car il est rare qu'ils soient accompagnés de définition précise, ou de réf…

[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciencesstyle[SHS.HISPHILSO] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences[ SHS.HISPHILSO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences
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Préface

1996

[SHS.HISPHILSO] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciencesphilosophie du langage
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Buffon 1988

1992

[SHS.HISPHILSO] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences[SDV.OT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT]Georges Louis Leclerc Buffon (1707-1788)18e sièclesciences naturellesphilosophie des sciences
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Les Figures de la forme : philosophie biologique et théorie esthétique

1992

[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences[SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT][SHS.HISPHILSO] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences[SDV.OT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT][ SDV.OT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT]philosophie des sciences[ SHS.HISPHILSO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences
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Génétique, Psychologie génétique et épistémologie génétique dans l'œuvre de Jean Piaget (1886-1980) : une ambiguïté remarquable

1989

[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences[SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics[SHS.HISPHILSO] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of SciencespsychologieJean Piaget[SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/GeneticsGénétique[ SDV.GEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics[ SHS.HISPHILSO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences
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Génétique et recherche médicale en France : le cas de Boris Ephrussi

1992

Genetics and medical research in France: the case of Boris Ephrussi (1901-1979). In contrast with other pioneers of the French school of molecular genetics (such as André Lwoff or Jacques Monod at the Pasteur Institute), Ephrussi did not work in a medical context. Trained as a classical zoologist at the Sorbonne, he devoted most of his scientific work to the comprehension of the genetic control of cellular differentiation, being exceptionnally skiful in breaking fronteers between experimental biological disciplines. But he never accepted to inflect his research in the direction of medical purposes, in spite of obvious links between some of the technical tools he used (tissue culture, cell h…

[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences[SHS.HISPHILSO] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of SciencesFrancegénétique[ SHS.HISPHILSO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences
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Critics and Criticisms of the Modern Synthesis: the Viewpoint of a Philosopher

1990

International audience

[SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT][SDV.OT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT]SpeciationNatural selectionSélection naturellePhilosophie[ SHS.HISPHILSO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of SciencesPhilosophyPhylogenèseBiological evolutionEvolution biologique[SHS.HISPHILSO] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of SciencesCritical studyEtude critiqueFitnessThéorieTheory[ SDV.OT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT]ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSPhylogeny
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L'institut d'histoire des sciences

2016

International audience; L'article retrace l'histoire de l'Institut d'histoire des sciences de 1932 à 2001. Sont successivement décrits: (1) l'épisode de fondation comme "Institut d'université" à l'Université de Paris; (2) les origines, les enjeux, le contexte de cette création (institutionnalisation de l'histoire des sciences à l'échelle internationale, et puissant mouvement en France en faveur de l'enseignement de l'histoire des sciences dans les lycées), de 1832 à 1932; (3) la période marquée par la direction d'Abel Rey, fondateur (1932-1940); la direction de Gaston Bachelard (1940-1955); la direction de Georges Canguilhem, marquée par un développement sans précédent de l'enseignement, ma…

Georges CanguilhemUniversité Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne[SHS.PHIL]Humanities and Social Sciences/PhilosophyInstitut d'histoire des sciencesInstitut d'histoire des sciences et des techniquesGaston BachelardInstitut d'histoire et de philosophie des sciences et des techniquesUniversité de ParisAbel Rey
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