Interesterification of rapeseed oil catalyzed by tin octoate
The interesterification of rapeseed oil was performed for the first time by using tin octoate as Lewis acid homogeneous catalysts and methyl or ethyl acetate as acyl acceptors in a batch reactor, within the temperature range 393–483 K. The yields in fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) and triacetin (TA) after 20 h of reaction time increased from 8% and 2%–to 61% and 22%, respectively, when the reaction temperature increased from 423 to 483 K. An optimum value of 40 for the acyl acceptor to oil molar ratio was found to be necessary to match good fatty acid alkyl ester yields with high enough reaction rate. The rate of generation of esters was significantly higher when methyl acetate was used as a…
Development of an Electrochemical Process for the Simultaneous Treatment of Wastewater and the Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Higher Value Products
Many researchers have shown that selected anodic processes allow effective treatment of a very large amount of wastewater contaminated by pollutants resistant to biological processes. In the meantime, various authors have also shown that carbon dioxide can be converted into higher value products, such as formic acid or synthesis gas, by cathodic reduction at suitable cathodes. These two processes present interesting economic potential that, however, still needs to be improved for further development at an industrial level. Herein, these two kinds of process are combined in the same cell to improve their economic feasibility. In particular, the anodic treatment of wastewater at a boron-doped…