0000000001138878
AUTHOR
Martin Bauer
Higgs Pair Production as a Signal of Enhanced Yukawa Couplings
We present a non-trivial correlation between the enhancement of the Higgs-fermion couplings and the Higgs pair production cross section in two Higgs doublet models with a flavour symmetry. This symmetry suppresses flavour-changing neutral couplings of the Higgs boson and allows for a partial explanation of the hierarchy in the Yukawa sector. After taking into account the constraints from electroweak precision measurements, Higgs coupling strength measurements, and unitarity and perturbativity bounds, we identify an interesting region of parameter space leading to enhanced Yukawa couplings as well as enhanced di-Higgs gluon fusion production at the LHC reach. This effect is visible in both t…
Collider probes of axion-like particles.
Axion-like particles (ALPs), which are gauge-singlets under the Standard Model (SM), appear in many well-motivated extensions of the SM. Describing the interactions of ALPs with SM fields by means of an effective Lagrangian, we discuss ALP decays into SM particles at one-loop order, including for the first time a calculation of the $a\to\pi\pi\pi$ decay rates for ALP masses below a few GeV. We argue that, if the ALP couples to at least some SM particles with couplings of order $(0.01-1) \mbox{TeV}^{-1}$, its mass must be above 1 MeV. Taking into account the possibility of a macroscopic ALP decay length, we show that large regions of so far unconstrained parameter space can be explored by se…
Diphoton resonance from a warped extra dimension
We argue that extensions of the Standard Model (SM) with a warped extra dimension, which successfully address the hierarchy and flavor problems of elementary particle physics, can provide an elegant explanation of the 750 GeV diphoton excess recently reported by ATLAS and CMS. A gauge-singlet bulk scalar with ${\cal O}(1)$ couplings to fermions is identified as the new resonance $S$, and the vector-like Kaluza-Klein excitations of the SM quarks and leptons mediate its loop-induced couplings to photons and gluons. The electroweak gauge symmetry almost unambiguously dictates the bulk matter content and hence the hierarchies of the $S\to \gamma\gamma$, $WW$, $ZZ$, $Z\gamma$, $t\bar t$ and dije…
Incidence of severe critical events in paediatric anaesthesia (APRICOT): a prospective multicentre observational study in 261 hospitals in Europe
Background Little is known about the incidence of severe critical events in children undergoing general anaesthesia in Europe. We aimed to identify the incidence, nature, and outcome of severe critical events in children undergoing anaesthesia, and the associated potential risk factors. Methods The APRICOT study was a prospective observational multicentre cohort study of children from birth to 15 years of age undergoing elective or urgent anaesthesia for diagnostic or surgical procedures. Children were eligible for inclusion during a 2-week period determined prospectively by each centre. There were 261 participating centres across 33 European countries. The primary endpoint was the occurenc…
Long-lived particles at the energy frontier: the MATHUSLA physics case
We examine the theoretical motivations for long-lived particle (LLP) signals at the LHC in a comprehensive survey of Standard Model (SM) extensions. LLPs are a common prediction of a wide range of theories that address unsolved fundamental mysteries such as naturalness, dark matter, baryogenesis and neutrino masses, and represent a natural and generic possibility for physics beyond the SM (BSM). In most cases the LLP lifetime can be treated as a free parameter from the $\mu$m scale up to the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis limit of $\sim 10^7$m. Neutral LLPs with lifetimes above $\sim$ 100m are particularly difficult to probe, as the sensitivity of the LHC main detectors is limited by challenging …
Little Randall-Sundrum models:ϵKstrikes again
A detailed phenomenological analysis of neutral kaon mixing in ``little Randall-Sundrum'' models is presented. It is shown that the constraints arising from the $CP$-violating quantity ${ϵ}_{K}$ can, depending on the value of the ultraviolet cutoff, be even stronger than in the original Randall-Sundrum scenario addressing the hierarchy problem up to the Planck scale. The origin of the enhancement is explained, and a bound ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\mathrm{UV}}g\mathrm{\text{several}}$ ${10}^{3}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ is derived, below which vast corrections to ${ϵ}_{K}$ are generically unavoidable. Implications for nonstandard ${Z}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}b\overline{b}$ couplings ar…
Analyzing the CP Nature of a New Scalar Particle via S→Zh Decays
Scalar particles $S$ that are singlets under the standard model gauge group are generic features of many models of fundamental physics, in particular, as possible mediators to a hidden sector. We show that the decay $S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Zh$ provides a powerful probe of the $CP$ nature of the scalar, because it is allowed only if $S$ has $CP$-odd interactions. We perform a model-independent analysis of this decay using an effective Lagrangian and compute the relevant Wilson coefficients arising from integrating out heavy fermions to one-loop order.
Axionlike Particles, Lepton-Flavor Violation, and a New Explanation of aμ and ae
Axionlike particles (ALPs) with lepton-flavor-violating couplings can be probed in exotic muon and tau decays. The sensitivity of different experiments depends strongly on the ALP mass and its couplings to leptons and photons. For ALPs that can be resonantly produced, the sensitivity of three-body decays such as μ→3e and τ→3μ exceeds by many orders of magnitude that of radiative decays like μ→eγ and τ→μγ. Searches for these two types of processes are therefore highly complementary. We discuss experimental constraints on ALPs with a single dominant lepton-flavor-violating coupling. Allowing for one or more such couplings offers qualitatively new ways to explain the anomalies related to the m…
Solution to the Flavor Problem of Warped Extra-Dimension Models
A minimal solution to the flavor problem of warped extra-dimension models, i.e. the excessive mixed-chirality contribution to CP violation in K-Kbar mixing arising from Kaluza-Klein (KK) gluon exchange, is proposed. Extending the strong-interaction gauge group in the bulk by an additional SU(3), and breaking this symmetry to QCD via boundary conditions, the constraints arising from the epsilon_K parameter are significantly relaxed. As a result, KK scales M_KK ~ 2 TeV are consistent with all flavor observables without significant fine-tuning. The model predicts the existence of an extended Higgs sector featuring massive color-octet scalars and a tower of KK pseudo-axial gluon resonances, who…
LHC as an Axion Factory: Probing an Axion Explanation for (g−2)μ with Exotic Higgs Decays
We argue that a large region of so-far unconstrained parameter space for axionlike particles (ALPs), where their couplings to the standard model are of order (0.01-1) TeV^{-1}, can be explored by searches for the exotic Higgs decays h→Za and h→aa in run 2 of the LHC. Almost the complete region in which ALPs can explain the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon can be probed by searches for these decays with subsequent decay a→γγ, even if the relevant couplings are loop suppressed and the a→γγ branching ratio is less than 1.
Imaging P-Glycoprotein Induction at the Blood–Brain Barrier of a β-Amyloidosis Mouse Model with 11C-Metoclopramide PET
P-glycoprotein (ABC subfamily B member 1, ABCB1) plays an important role at the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in promoting clearance of neurotoxic β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides from the brain into the blood. ABCB1 expression and activity were found to be decreased in the brains of Alzheimer disease patients. Treatment with drugs that induce cerebral ABCB1 activity may be a promising approach to delay the build-up of Aβ deposits in the brain by enhancing clearance of Aβ peptides from the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PET with the weak ABCB1 substrate radiotracer 11C-metoclopramide can measure ABCB1 induction at the BBB in a β-amyloidosis mouse model (APP/PS1-21 mice) and in w…
Consistent Treatment of Axions in the Weak Chiral Lagrangian.
We present a consistent implementation of weak decays involving an axion or axion-like particle in the context of an effective chiral Lagrangian. We argue that previous treatments of such processes have used an incorrect representation of the flavor-changing quark currents in the chiral theory. As an application, we derive model-independent results for the decays $K^-\to\pi^- a$ and $\pi^-\to e^-\bar\nu_e a$ at leading order in the chiral expansion and for arbitrary axion couplings and mass. In particular, we find that the $K^-\to\pi^- a$ branching ratio is almost 40 times larger than previously estimated.
RIPHeart (Remote Ischemic Preconditioning for Heart Surgery) Study: Myocardial Dysfunction, Postoperative Neurocognitive Dysfunction, and 1 Year Follow-Up
Background Remote ischemic preconditioning ( RIPC ) has been suggested to protect against certain forms of organ injury after cardiac surgery. Previously, we reported the main results of RIPHeart (Remote Ischemic Preconditioning for Heart Surgery) Study, a multicenter trial randomizing 1403 cardiac surgery patients receiving either RIPC or sham‐ RIPC . Methods and Results In this follow‐up paper, we present 1‐year follow‐up of the composite primary end point and its individual components (all‐cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke and acute renal failure), in a sub‐group of patients, intraoperative myocardial dysfunction assessed by transesophageal echocardiography and the incidenc…
Minimal Leptoquark Explanation for theRD(*),RK, and(g−2)μAnomalies
We show that by adding a single new scalar particle to the standard model, a TeV-scale leptoquark with the quantum numbers of a right-handed down quark, one can explain in a natural way three of the most striking anomalies of particle physics: the violation of lepton universality in B[over ¯]→K[over ¯]l^{+}l^{-} decays, the enhanced B[over ¯]→D^{(*)}τν[over ¯] decay rates, and the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. Constraints from other precision measurements in the flavor sector can be satisfied without fine-tuning. Our model predicts enhanced B[over ¯]→K[over ¯]^{(*)}νν[over ¯] decay rates and a new-physics contribution to B_{s}-B[over ¯]_{s} mixing close to the current central fit v…