Effects of Perinatal Chemical Variety Exposure on Adulthood Emotional Response to Novelty in Mice

Descendance captive : effets maternels olfactifs dans le développement précoce des toxicophilies

International audience

Orientation of newborn mice to lactating females: Identifying biological substrates of semiochemical interest

International audience; Among mammals, odor-based communication between females and infants is decisive for neonatal survival. So far, the nature of odor substrates involved in the localization of the mother and their nipples is unknown in mice. The present study aims: (1) to evaluate the specific attractive value of lactating females to newborn mice, (2) to localize the abdominal region that is most attractive to pups, and (3) to identify odor substrates that support such attraction. Results showed that 5-6-day-old mice roam preferentially over the abdomen of lactating females than the abdomen of non-lactating females. In lactating females, pups are more attracted to abdominal areas compri…

Comment perçoit-on le vin dans un pays nouveau consommateur en référence à un pays ayant une tradition vinicole: Vietnam versus France

Testing Smell When It Is Really Vital: Behavioral Assays of Social Odors in the Neonatal Mouse

The initial interactions of mouse newborns with their mother are crucial for their survival. These interactions rapidly end in the pups reaching nipples and getting milk. While we realize that olfaction is clearly prevailing in the success of these first suckling episodes, we still understand little about the nature and range of the natural odorants involved. Here we non-exhaustively describe some experimental principles and methods to assay the behavior of newly born and infant mice exposed to different odor stimuli from conspecifics. Testing neonatal and young mice with chemostimuli which they are evolutionarily or developmentally canalized to detect may be a productive way to trace unant…

Vin et expertise: le rôle du cépage dans l'organisation des connaissances

Une alimentation maternelle enrichie en gras pendant la gestation et l’allaitement oriente le nouveau-né vers un lait produit sous régime gras (modèle murin)

Adaptive value of maternal odors in human neonates

Suckling odours in rats and mice: biological substrates that guide newborns to the nipple

Proceedings Paper 12th Meeting of the Chemical Signals in Vertebrates, Aug 28-31, 2011, Berlin, GERMANY ; http://www.springer.com/life+sciences/ecology/book/978-1-4614-5926-2; International audience; It is a general strategy for mammalian females to emit odour signals to direct their offspring to the mammae and to motivate their suckling. The survival of newborns depends on their own capacities to exploit the cues emitted by their mother, or by conspecific lactating females, and to direct their behaviour to the vital targets on the mother's body-the nipples. This chapter synthesises data on some natural substrates that contribute to nipple searching and grasping in the newborns of (laborato…

Early development of filial preferences in the rabbit: implications of nursing- and pheromone-induced odour learning?

Newborn rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus, discriminate between different categories of adult conspecifics on the basis of their abdominal odour cues. Whether these cues can support the development of filial preferences has not been adequately tested. Using a two-choice paradigm, we assessed the ability of 3–8-day-old pups to orient selectively to the mother versus an unfamiliar female, either spontaneously or after odour conditioning. In experiment 1, nonconditioned pups roamed indifferently over the mother and an unfamiliar female. In experiment 2, pups conditioned to a neutral odorant while nursing or with the mammary pheromone became attracted by the odorant. In experiment 3, pups that had…

Perception du vin dans la culture vietnamienne : une comparaison interculturelle

Selon de différentes sources, la consommation de vin au Vietnam connaît une croissance annuelle de 7 à 10% depuis une dizaine d'années. Sous l'effet d'une internationalisation de la société et d'une prise de conscience des éventuels bienfaits du vin pour la santé, la consommation de vin semble commencer à se substituer à celle d'une partie d'autres boissons alcoolisées. Dans cette étude, nous cherchons à comprendre comment les Vietnamiens perçoivent le vin dans ce contexte et comment ils diffèrent des consommateurs d'une culture viticole traditionnelle. Dans la première étape, la technique de groupe focus a été utilisée pour explorer les représentations du vin dans les deux plus grandes vil…

Développement social et alimentaire du jeune mammifère

Caractérisation de quelques substrats mammaires odorants impliqués dans le succès de la tétée des souriceaux

An exploration of mammary odor cues in newborn mice

International audience

Surdétermination de la cognition dans un système social contraint : le nouveau-né et les odeurs

Long-lasting memory for an odor acquired at the mother's breast

Whether neonatal odor memory can persist into toddlerhood and influence behaviors that tap processes related to cognition (attention and exploration), motivation (choice and consumption), and emotion (hedonic processing) remains under-researched. Using a quasi-experimental longitudinal design, we examined whether an odor experienced at the mother’s breast can be retained at 7 and 21 months. The prescribed prophylactic use of a camomile-scented balm defined two groups: infants exposed (CaE) or never exposed (CaNE) to camomile odor. At 7 months, exploratory responses to three similar objects differing in odor (including camomile) were analyzed. At 21 months, three tasks were used to assess to…

Agonistic and sociable behaviors in the mound-building mice,Mus spicilegus: A comparative study withMus musculus domesticus

Present social organization and mating systems result from selective pressures and ecological conditions but also from proximate interactions between individuals. Many studies report on a polygynous mating system with a social group territoriality in commensal populations of Mus musculus domesticus. However, little is known about the social organization of other Mus species living in outdoor conditions, such as the mound-building mouse Mus spicilegus. Comparative studies between M. m. domesticus and M. spicilegus have already shown behavioral differences in female sexual preferences and paternal care. To study agonistic and sociable interactions and gain insight into the social organization…

CD36 involvement in orosensory detection of dietary lipids, spontaneous fat preference, and digestive secretions

International audience; Rats and mice exhibit a spontaneous attraction for lipids. Such a behavior raises the possibility that an orosensory system is responsible for the detection of dietary lipids. The fatty acid transporter CD36 appears to be a plausible candidate for this function since it has a high affinity for long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and is found in lingual papillae in the rat. To explore this hypothesis further, experiments were conducted in rats and in wild-type and CD36-null mice. In mice, RT-PCR experiments with primers specific for candidate lipid-binding proteins revealed that only CD36 expression was restricted to lingual papillae although absent from the palatal papill…

Psychobiological effects of perinatal exposure to odorants in mice. Part II: Behavioural alteration

Early exposure to odorants pre-, post- or transnatally is known to. result in a decreased avoidance or increased preference for these. odorants in mammals. There are also indications that olfactory sensitivity. for these odorants can be affected. We exposed C57-Bl/6. mice of Mor23-GFP and M71-GFP lines to lyral (LY) or acetophenone. (AC), respectively, either transnatally through the water of the. mother (1*10-5 M) or postnatally in air for 1 hr per day (20 ll pure). Animals were weaned on postnatal day 20 (P20), and 3 tests were. performed:. 1) A 3-min exploration test on P20 in a rectangular arena presenting. LY and AC under a wire mesh to measure the time spent in each. half of the arena…

DOES FETAL AND NEONATAL EXPOSURE TO ODOUR VARIETY AFFECT LATER RESPONSE TO NOVELTY IN MICE?

Vertebrate embryos and neonates are competent to encode odor information, and to later use it in guiding neonatal, juvenile, and, sometimes, adult behaviour. These data generally derive from experiments in which single odorants were administered. Here, we consider whether the perinatal exposure to multiple odorants administered sequentially will affect later behaviour. Mouse perinates were exposed to contrasted chemosensory regimen through the mother's ingestion of odorized water from days E15 through P21. The effects of 3 treatments were considered: 1/ olfactory monotony (MON; females accessing a benzaldehyde solution 5 days/week; n=46); 2/ olfactory variety (VAR; females accessing each ot…

Neonatal mice prefer milk and nipple odors from females matched in lactation age

invited talk; absent

CK36, un sérieu jalon sur la piste du goût du gras

The Human Mammary Odour Factor: Variability and Regularities in Sources and Functions

In the course of evolution, human mothers have been, and still are, under strong selective pressure to induce their newborns’ colostrum ingestion promptly after birth. As a concentrate of nutrients, passive immunity, antioxidants, growth factors and symbiotic microbiota, colostrum functions as the evolved antidote to ubiquitous pathogens and threats of neonatal exhaustion. Under such constraints, any means to speed up colostrum/milk intake can only have been beneficial to neonatal viability and adaptive life onset along evolutionary time. The areolar-nipple areas of human lactating females emit lacteal substrates conveying chemostimuli that are attractive and release mouthing and sucking in…

How does a newly born mouse get to the nipple? odor substrates eliciting first nipple grasping and sucking responses

It is a mammalian female strategy to emit odor cues and signals that direct their inexperienced newborns to the nipple, and optimize their initial sucking success and, hence, viability. Here, natural odorous substrates that contribute to nipple grasping were investigated in mice, a species that has not been much scrutinized on this topic. The response of pups toward the nipples of lactating females (LF) versus nonlactating females (NLF) were first assessed right after watched birth, before and after the first suckling experience, and at 1 day old, after more extended suckling experience. It appeared that only nipples of LF induced grasping at these early ages, leading to take NLF as the bas…

Experts ad novices olfactory categorizations in wine: differences and similitaries

International audience

Psychobiological effects of perinatal exposure to odorants in mice. Part II: Behavioural alterations

National audience

Breeding strategy and morphological characters in an urban population of blackbirds, Turdus merula

Pairing patterns in monogamous birds are thought to be the consequence of mutual mate choice by males and females for characters linked to individual quality in the opposite sex. Although this may result in assortative pairing for a single character, there may be no simple match between male and female phenotype if the traits linked to individual quality are sex specific. For instance, in several passerine species, females tend to select males on the basis of territory quality or characters that may reflect health or vigour, whereas males benefit from pairing with females in good condition that breed early because early breeding increases reproductive success. We investigated pairing patter…

Mammary olfactory signalisation in females and odor processing in neonates: ways evolved by rabbits and humans

International audience; Mammalian females have long been known to release olfactory attraction in their offspring. Mammary odor cues control infant state, attention and directional responses, delay distress responses, stimulate breathing and positive oral actions, and finally can boost learning. Here, we survey female-offspring odor communication in two mammalian species - European rabbits and humans - taken as representatives of evolutionary extremes in terms of structure and dynamics of mother-infant relations, and level of neonatal autonomy. Despite these early psychobiological differences, females in both species have evolved mammary structures combining multiple sources of endogenous a…

Expertise and memory for beers and beer olfactory compounds

Abstract Do beer experts have better recognition memory for beers than novices? And can recognition memory for beers be predicted on the basis of recognition memory for beer odor compounds? We compared the memory performance of “beer experts” and novices in two recognition tasks. The first task was performed ortho- and retronasally with beers, and the second orthonasally with beer odor compounds. As a control we also compared the performance of “experts” and novices on an identification task and a same/different discrimination task. “Beer experts” outperformed novices in both the identification task and the recognition memory task with both beers and odor compounds, but only for beers they …

Une alimentation maternelle enrichie en gras pendant la gestation ou l’allaitement oriente les préférences du souriceau vers un aliment gras à la naissance et au sevrage

Conceptual vs. perceptual wine spaces: Does expertise matter?

Abstract This study explores the differences in wine categorization between wine experts and novice wine consumers using 10 Melon de Bourgogne (MB) and 10 Chardonnay (CH) wines. Participants performed a free sorting task based on odor similarity followed by a CH and a MB typicality rating task and a liking rating. All tasks were performed orthonasally. We observed a clear agreement between experts concerning typicality scores. Moreover, despite a slight overlap we found a clear differentiation between CH and MB for experts’ typicality scores. For novices, no such agreement on typicality scores was observed and we found a complete overlap between both types of wines. These results suggest th…

Selectivity of C57BL/6 and BALB/c newborn mice to the odors of milk and nipple differing in lactational age and strain

Selectivity of C57BL/6 and BALB/c newborn mice to the odors of milk and nipple differing in lactational age and strain. 24. Annual Meeting of the European-Chemoreception-Research-Organization (ECRO)

Human neonates prefer colostrum to mature milk: Evidence for an olfactory bias toward the "initial milk"?

International audience; OBJECTIVES: Colostrum is the initial milk secretion which ingestion by neonates warrants their adaptive start in life. Colostrum is accordingly expected to be attractive to newborns. The present study aims to assess whether colostrum is olfactorily attractive for 2-day-old newborns when presented against mature milk or a control. METHODS: The head-orientation of waking newborns was videotaped in three experiments pairing the odors of: (a) colostrum (sampled on postpartum day 2, not from own mother) and mature milk (sampled on average on postpartum day 32, not from own mother) (n tested newborns = 15); (b) Colostrum and control (water; n = 9); and (c) Mature milk and …

Impact of training on strategies to realize a beer sorting task: behavioral and verbal assessments

CD36, un sérieux jalon sur la piste du goût du gras

Cet article ne possède pas de résumé.

Opinions on Wine in a New Consumer Country: A Comparative Study of Vietnam and France

Historically, wine was introduced in Vietnam by the French. Further to develop wine consumption in Vietnam, this paper examined the opinions and motivations for wine drinking in a group of Vietnamese consumers and potential consumers. Their concerns were compared with the opinions and motivations expressed by a group of participants from France, considered as a ‘traditional’ consumer country. Our results showed that in Vietnam wine-drinking motivations are characterised by utilitarian and symbolic aspects rather than experiential ones. Certain cultural characteristics of Vietnamese consumers are put forward to explain their motivations.

Using Questionnaire to Study the New Culture of Wine in Vietnam; Comparaison Versus France.

ROLE OF THE CHORDA TYMPANI AND GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVES IN ORAL LINOLEIC ACID DETECTION IN MICE

Lasting Odor Memories Acquired while Sucking on the Mother's Breast

Typicality of varietal wine aromas: Chardonnays vs. Melon de Bourgogne

An odor timer in milk? Synchrony in the odor of milk effluvium and neonatal chemosensation in the mouse.

International audience; Mammalian newborns exhibit avid responsiveness to odor compounds emanating from conspecific milk. Milk is however developmentally heterogeneous in composition as a function of both evolved constraints and offspring demand. The present study aimed to verify whether milk odor attractivity for neonates is equally distributed along lactation in Mus musculus (Balb-c strain). Therefore, we exposed pups varying in age to milk samples collected from females in different lactational stages. The pups were assayed at postnatal days 2 (P2), 6 (P6) and 15 (P15) in a series of paired-choice tests opposing either murine milk and a blank (water), or two samples of milk collected in …

Pair-bonding in birds and the active role of females: a critical review of the empirical evidence.

Over the recent years the role of females in maintaining or breaking the pair-bond in socially monogamous birds has received growing attention. Here, we review the overall evidence for a direct and predominant role of female behaviour in initiating or preventing divorce and its relevance for the understanding of both interspecific and intraspecific variation in divorce rate in monogamous bird species. The evidence is so far limited to a few species. We discuss the relevance of some alternative explanations and confounding factors. We conclude that the possible predominance of females in both initiating divorce or limiting its occurrence deserves further consideration. Future studies should …