Where does a glacier end ? GPR measurements to identify the limits between the slopes and the real glacier area. Application to the Austre Lovénbreen, Spitsbergen - 79°N

International audience

Identification of environmental risk factors for the presence of Echinococcus multilocularis

International audience; The tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis is dependent upon foxes and microtine rodents to complete its life cycle and is a parasite of public health importance causing the fatal zoonotic disease alveolar echinococcosis (AE). Concerns that AE could be in emergence in Europe have arisen from recent studies. In France, a monitoring survey led to the collection of 2813 georeferenced faecal samples of which 82 have been diagnosed positive for the presence of the parasite. A geographically weighted logistic regression was used to assess potential spatial variation in the effect of putative environmental risk variables. Landscape and climatic variables were expected to play…

High density coverage investigation of The Austre LovénBreen (Svalbard) using Ground Penetrating Radar

COM; International audience; A three week field survey over April 2010 allowed for the acquisition of 120 Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) profiles, adding to a 40 km long walk across an Arctic glacier. The profiles were acquired using a Mal°a equipment with 100 MHz antennas, walking slowly enough to record a 2.224 s trace every 30 cm on the average. Some acquisitions were repeated with 50 MHz or 200 MHz antenna to improve data quality. The GPR was coupled to a GPS system to position traces. Each profile has been manually edited using standard GPR data processing, to pick the reflection arrival time from the ice-bedrock interface. Traveltimes were converted to ice thickness using a velocity o…

Using ground based high resolution photography for seasonal snow and ice dynamics (Austre Lovénbreen, Svalbard, 79°N)

COM; International audience; As is the case in many regions, arctic glaciers are reliable indicators of global climate changes. Within this context, the observed ev olutions are becoming faster and more unpre- dictable. Snow and ice dynamics are directly affected, and following processes becomes challenging: some fast but key events can be missed since they are short but significant. Such observations have been made in the Austre Lovénbreen basin (Spitsbergen, Norway - 79°N) during the Hydro-sensor-FlOWS program. In order to perform long term daily monitoring of the glacier basin behaviour aimed at a local scale understanding of the phenomena driving the glacier evolution, satellite imagery…

Snow drills : snowpack investigations at local scale

Variations en surface et en volume du glacier Loven Est (79°N, Spitsberg) en relation avec les changements climatiques contemporains

Évolution contemporaine des glaciers arctiques: exemple de l'Austre Lovénbreen (79°N)

International audience

Contribution of statistical modeling to the understanding of the mass balance of a small arctic glacier

International audience

Le Plan Climat Energie Territorial du Grand Besançon: un outil en cours d'élaboration

Les communes du Grand Besançon se sont engagées dans l'élaboration d'un Plan Climat pour l'agglomération bisontine. Cela s'est traduit dans un premier temps par un diagnostic énergétique qui a servi de base de réflexion aux acteurs engagés. La définition des enjeux et les modalités d'action issues d'un processus collaboratif constitueront les fondements du Plan Climat à venir.

Models and tools for territorial dynamic studies. Spatial dynamics of settlement patterns and natural resources : towards an integrated analysis over a long term, from Prehistory to the Middle Ages

International audience

10 years of monitoring in the Austre Lovén glacier basin (Svalbard): results, and perspectives

International audience

Estimation des lames d'eau potentielles à partir du croisement de photos in situ et de données de températures - Glacier Austre Lovén (Spitsberg, 79°N)

COM; National audience

Quantification of sediment transport into Kongsfjorden due to the glacier melt dynamics of Austre Lovenbreen using terrestrial laser scanning

International audience; Climate warming causes a decrease of glaciers in Svalbard. This results in sig-nificant changes of the geomorphology of areas in glacier catchments where iceand permafrost is melting. In particular the snout of the glacier melts drasticallyand the water outflow of the glacier changes sometimes its direction. Sedimentand bed load transport forms new river beds in the moraine, and the sedimentsinvolved are transported downstream into the fjords. In recent years terrestriallaser scanning technology has developed significantly, so it is possible to mea-sure the surface of a whole glacier catchment such as the Austre Lovenbreen inhigh resolution just in a few days or even…

Les relations paysage-hôtes dans les processus épidémiologiques du parasite Echinococcus multilocularis

National audience

10 years of mass balance over a small Arctic basin. The example of Austre Lovénbreen (Svalbard)

International audience

Functional response of species to multiscale landscape structure in a vector-borne disease

International audience; The functional response of species to landscape is a recurring issue in landscape ecology. The scale levels favourable to the parasite responsible for a vector-borne disease, alveolar echinococcosis, have been explored in the Doubs department in eastern France. The method consists in maximizing landscape composition's heterogeneity in the environment of infected and non-infected georeferenced samples at various scales. The aim is to identify scale levels at which the positive samples' landscapes are the most specific and differ the most from the landscape in the environment of all samples. Three scales were identified and the distance to the positive samples' composi…

Approche multivariée des facteurs influençant le bilan de masse d’un glacier arctique

National audience; L’Arctique est la zone géographique où la modification du climat au cours du XXIieme siècle sera la plus forte de la planète. La totalité de la cryosphère (banquise, glaciers, pergélisol, etc.) subira de profondes altérations qui se traduiront spatialement par des évolutions majeures. Les glaciers sont de bons indicateurs de ces changements, aussi bien à une échelle locale que globale, car leur dynamique est très sensible au climat. Cette étude porte sur un glacierdu Spitsberg où il a été observé que des conditions climatiques et nivologiques contrastées d’une année sur l’autre avaient des conséquences multiples, et parfois inattendues, sur les bilans de masse.

The time-space dynamics of agricultural areas from Antiquity to modern times (chapter 2)

International audience; This paper presents the analytical procedure developed within Workgroup 1 of the Archaedyn project. It examines the time-space dynamics of agrarian activities readable from the ancient field systems preserved by forest cover, and from off-site material interpreted as the remains of manuring practices. Using GIS and spatial statistics tools, we studied the structuring, intensity, durability and mobility of agrarian activities on different time scales.

Evolution of prodeltas : a print of glacier melt processes

International audience

Hydro-glaciology research on the Austre Lovenbreen since the 60s to the last IPY

International audience

Seasonal snow cover dynamics and melting processes on a polar glacier

Quantification des hauteurs de neige et des températures de l'air à la surface d'un glacier : du terrain à l'interpolation, confrontation de méthodes

Quantifying snow cover and surface air temperature on a glacier is usually based on point data. The density of point measures is dependent on the local context. Interpolation brings the opportunity to generate a continuous surface. This surface can be used to derive a global measure for the whole glacier. These measures (total snow water equivalent, average thermal state) are integrated in glaciological and hydrological equations. Interpolation also renders the spatial variations of processes and provides information on inaccessible or not-monitored zones. Using the example of an arctic glacier, several interpolation methods were tested and compared. These methods were applied to snow drill…

La valeur et la vulnérabilité des espaces agricoles du département du Doubs : identification et évaluation multicritère des espaces agricoles

This paper is part of the update of the atlas of the value and vulnerability of agricultural areas in the French territory of Doubs. It is a project initiated by the French “Direction Départementale des Territoires”, carried out in 2012 by the ThéMA laboratory, and whose update began in January 2019. The objective is to create a decision-making tool for spatial planning and development, for sustainable spatial management. This work presents the method for identifying agricultural areas in the Doubs and their evaluation based on a multi-criteria analysis built on four indices: environmental, spacial structure, financial assistance and labelling.

Atmospheric circulation modulates the spatial variability of temperature in the Atlantic-Arctic region

International audience; The Arctic region has experienced significant warming during the past two decades with major implications on the cryosphere. The causes of Arctic amplification are still an open question within the scientific community, attracting recent interest. The goal of this study is to quantify the contribution of atmospheric circulation on temperature variability in the Atlantic–Arctic region at decadal to intra‐annual timescales from 1951 to 2014. Daily 20th Century reanalyses geopotential height anomalies at 500 hPa were clustered into different weather regimes to assess their contribution to observed temperature variability. The results show that in winter, 25% of the warm…

Développement d'une typologie multiscalaire optimisée des paysages associés à un risque sanitaire en France

Using a small COTS UAV to quantify moraine dynamics in Arctic environments

International audience; Arctic regions are known to be places where climate shift yields most visible consequences. In this context, glaciers and their environment are highly subject to global warming effects. New dynamics are observed and the behaviour of arctic systems (such as glaciers, moraines, beaches etc) changes at rates visible over yearly observations. According to recent works on climate change impacts on the cryosphere, short/violent events are recently observed and are one characteristic of these changes. As a consequence, an accelerating rate of glacial and pro-glacial activity is observed, especially at the end of each hydrological season (early fall). As an example, many pha…

At the bedside of a small Spitsberg glacier

L'Arctique en mutation

International audience; AVANT-PROPOS..........................................Daniel JOLYCHAPITRE 1 - Fluctuations climatiques récentes en Arctique : l’exemple du Spitsberg occidental, Madeleine GRISELIN, Christelle MARLIN et Jean-Michel FRIEDTCHAPITRE II - Évolution contemporaine des glaciers arctiques ; exemple de l’Austre Lovénbreen (79°N), Eric BERNARD et Florian TOLLECHAPITRE III - Géomorphologie des côtes rocheuses arctiques, SAMUEL ETIENNE, Jim HANSOM et Donald L. FORBESCHAPITRE IV - L’Arctique face aux crises géomorphologiques paraglaciaires, Denis MERCIERCHAPITRE V - Distribution multi-scalaire de la végétation en Arctique, Martha RAYNOLDCHAPITRE VI - Distribution de la végétation …

La photographie au sol pour quantifier la vidange d'un lac supra-glaciaire : Austre Lovénbreen, 79°N, Svalbard

COM; National audience

Change in geometry of a high Arctic glacier to 1948 to 2013 (Austre Lovénbreen, Svalbard)

International audience; The change of Austre Lovénbreen, a 4.5 km2 land-based glacier along the west coast of Spitsbergen, is investigated using geodetic methods and mass balance measurements over 1948–2013. For 2008−2013, annual mass balances computed on 36-stake measurements were obtained, in addition to annual mass balances reconstructed from the neighbouring glaciers, Midtre Lovénbreen (1968−2007) and Austre Brøggerbreen (1963−1967). The mean rate of glacier retreat for 1948–2013 is −16.7 ± 0.3 m a−1. Fluctuations in area (1948–2013 mean, −0.027 ± 0.002 km2 a−1) showed a slowing as the glacier recedes within its valley from 1990 to 1995. For 1962–2013, the average volume loss calculated…

Landslide monitoring using multi-temporal terrestrial laser scanning(TLS) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) in the high Arctic,Ny-Ålesund

International audience; The acceleration of climate-induced changes in high arctic environments is evident and lead to a wide range ofprocesses (e.g. glacier retreat, landslide activity). Recent studies (Bernard et al. 2014) provide evidence that, thestability of the talus covered slopes is reducing and thus landslides are occurring more frequently on the slopessurrounding the Austre Lovénbreen glacier.The Austre Lovénbreen glacier basin is a relatively small arctic glacier basin located at 79◦N, Ny-Ålesund(Svalbard) and geologically is part of the Kongsvegen Group, which is composed of the Nielsenfjellet, Steenfjelletand the Bogegga Formation. This study focusses on the quantitative and sp…

Models and tools for territorial dynamic studies (chapter 1)

As part of the ArchaeDyn project, a workgroup was formed to coordinate the development, implementation and application of methods and tools for spatial analysis. The workgroup's activities were directed at various problems. The first was to construct a grid common to all the workgroups and to homogenize the study areas used by the different workgroups in their databases. The 'confidence maps' method was suggested for assessing the quality and quantity of information inventoried in the databases. Confidence maps are produced from representation and reliability maps by simple map algebra and they can be considered as 'masks' for interpreting spatial analysis results. Finally, the research tea…

Snow studies in the Austre Lovén glacier basin, Kongsfjorden, Svalbard

International audience

2D and 3D variations of an Arctic Glacier to recent climate change since forty years (Austre Lovenbreen, Svalbard, 79°N)

International audience

Remote and in situ sensing to survey a glacier basin : protocole of setting up and first results of an IPY project

International audience

Representing Echinococcus multilocularis gradients in space and time: fox data, models, and scale dependence

International audience

Landscape mapping : does the scale lie within ?

International audience

Landslide characterisation based on multi-temporal terrestrial laser scanning in the cirque of the Austre Lovénbreen

International audience; The slopes surrounding the Austre Lovénbreen glacier (79 • N, Ny-Alesund, Svalbard) were selected to study the occurrence, spatial distribution and temporal evolution of landslide processes in the high arctic. In addition, the impact of ongoing glacier retreat and warming-induced permafrost degradation on landslide formation mechanisms is investigated by analyses of multi-temporal terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data and geological field surveys. The cirque of Austre Lovénbreen glacier is located in the basement rocks of the Kongsvegen Group which is composed of the Nielsenfjellet, Steenfjellet and the Bogegga Formation. For this study particular focus is placed on …

Hydrogeochemical approach to understanding the glacier-permafrost subglacial-system interactions in a glaciated catchment of Western Spitsbergen.

COM; International audience

Hydro(geo)logical and geochemical approach to investigate the impact of active layer groundwater on runoff in the Austrelovenbreen watershed (Western Spitsbergen - 79°N)

International audience

Intérêt de l’utilisation de la photogrammétrie SfM (Structure from Motion) pour le suivi des processus nivo-glaciaires. Application au bassin du glacier Austre Lovén, Spitsberg

National audience; L’Arctique est reconnu comme un ex¬cellent indicateur des évolutions clima¬tiques contemporaines : sa sensibilité aux moindres sollicitations climatiques en fait une zone d’étude idéale. L’étude des pro¬cessus et des dynamiques glaciaires revêt, dans ce contexte, un intérêt majeur afin de mieux comprendre les impacts du climat sur la récession glaciaire observée durant cette dernière décade.

Paysage et risque sanitaire - Le cas de l'echinococcose alvéolaire. Approche multiscalaire

Echinococcus multilocularis is a parasite of public health importance causing the fatal zoonotic disease alveolar echinococcosis. The parasite's eggs are dispersed in the environment through the fox faeces. Epidemiological issues associated with the disease led to the monitoring of the endemic status in foxes in France and in Europe. Fox faeces collected in the field were tested for the presence of the parasite and assembled in a georeferenced database. GIS-assisted analysis investigated relationships between landscape characteristics and potential risk. Three scale levels were successively explored. In the french Doubs département located in a high endemicity area, binary logistic regressi…

Caractérisation du paysage dans les approches écologiques

Hydrological and geochemical approach to understand the glacier-permafrost subglacial-system interactions in a glaciated catchment of Western Spitsbergen

COM; International audience; The freshwater fluxes flowing from High Arctic glaciers mainly depend on climatic indicators (T, P) but also on other parameters like the thermal state of glacier, the water routing within and below the glacier, the permafrost distribution and the hydrodynamic characteristics of the moraines and rock structures forming the catchment. Using hydrological and geochemical methods, t he objective of the presentation is to show the relationships existing between the hydrological response of a small glacier of the Brogger peninsula (Austrelovenbre glacier), th e climatic conditions and these other parameters. I n the framework o f the Hydrosensor Flows program (IPEV 30…

Relations entre eaux souterraines, cours d'eau et pergélisol au Spitsberg occidental : exemple du bassin versant du glacier Austre Lovén (79°N, Svalbard)

COM; National audience; Dans la zone arctique et sub - arctique, la dégradation du pergélisol est l'une des conséquences visibles du changement climatique. Elle s'associe à des flux croissants d'eau, de solutés et de sédiments qui peuvent significativement impacter les zones côtières et ainsi les océans. Le réchauffement climatique conduit logiquement à une augmentation de la fonte estivale, concentrée sur quelques mois d e l'année. Les flux générés pendant la période de fonte sont des eaux peu minéralisées, le suivi hydrologique aux exutoires couplé à des investigations hydrogéologiques, effectués dans un bassin versant englacé sur la côte occidentale du Spitsberg (Austre Lovénbre : 10 km …

Environmental risk factors for transmission and representing Echinococcus multilocularis gradients in space and time: fox data, models and scale dependence

International audience