INDAGINE FITOCHIMICA SUGLI OLI DEI SEMI DI PTILOSTEMON GREUTERI (ASTERACEAE)

Chemical composition of the essential oils of Centaurea formanekii and Centaurea orphanidea ssp. thessala, two Centaurea species growing wild in Greece

The volatile constituents of the aerial parts of Centaurea formanekii Halacsy and the aerial parts, capitula and roots of C. orphanidea Heldr. & Sart. ex Boiss. ssp. thessala (Hausskn.) Dostál from Greece were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed. The main components in C. formanekii were hexadecanoic acid (13.6%), δ-elemene (9.1%), and spathulenol (6.9%). The main components in C. orphanidea ssp. thessala were γ-elemene (26.1%) and caryophyllene oxide (13.2%) in the aerial parts, hexadecanoic acid (33.5%) and heptacosane (6.3%) in the capitula, and hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (22.0%) and α-chamigrene (14.0%) in the roots. The chemotaxonomic significance with respect to other …

Essential oils of Chiliadenus lopadusanus (Asteraceae).

The essential oils from the leaves and flowers of Chiliadenus lopadusanus growing on Lampedusa Island were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. The major component was camphor (39.4% in the leaves and 24.0% in the flowers), followed in the leaves by torreyol (6.7%), t-cadinol (5.2%) and 1,8-cineole (3.8%), while in the flowers by t-cadinol (15.2%), t-muurolol (5.1%) and torreyol (4.5%). Among the compounds identified, several seem to play a role in antibacterial, antifungal, allelopathic and spasmolytic activity. In addition, several compounds identified in this study seem to influence the attraction of Megachile (Eutricharaea) apicalis (Megachilidae) and Halictus (Seladonia…

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE ESSENTIAL OILS OF SOME TAXA OF THE GENUS CLINOPODIUM (LAMIACEAE) FROM SICILY

The genus Clinopodium L. (Lamiaceae) is known for its medical uses in folk medicine and as a spice in Italian food. Recently, several taxa previously assigned to Satureja L. and Calamintha Mill. have been transferred to this genus (1). Pharmacological studies reveal, for instance, that Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi [Clinopodium nepeta Kuntze subsp. nepeta], commonly known as “nepetella”, exhibits cholagogue, expectorant, sedative and antibiotic properties (2); furthermore, the essential oil of its aerial parts showed an antifungal activity (3). The apical flowering parts and leaves of Clinopodium vulgare L. are used in popular medicine for their carminative and emmenagogue properties (1); rec…

Components from the Essential oil of Centaurea aeolica Guss. and C-diluta Aiton from Sicily, Italy

Volatile components from florets, leaves and stems and branches of Centaurea aeolica Guss. harvested in Lipari, Sicily, Italy, were analysed by gas phase chomatography (GC) and gas chomatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main constituents were β-eudesmol, caryophyllene oxide, ( E )-12-norcaryophyll-5-en-2-one and hexahydrofarnesylacetone in flowers, hexahydrofarnesylacetone, 2-methyloctadecane and tricosane in the leaves and hexadecanoic acid , caryophyllene oxide and β-eudesmol in the stems and branches . The analysis of the essential oil of the aerial parts of Centaurea diluta Aiton gave mainly fatty acids and derivatives, the main ones being hexadecanoic acid and (Z,Z)-9,12-octadeca…

COMPOSITION OF THE ESSENTIAL OILS IN CALENDULA SUFFRUTICOSA (ASTERACEAE) FROM SICILY

The genus Calendula L. (Calenduleae Cass., Asteraceae) includes several species having medicinal properties. Pharmacological studies reveal, for instance, that C. officinalis L. exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, antinflammatory, antitumor and antioxidant properties; C. arvensis L. has antibacterial, antinflammatory, antimutagenic and haemolytic activities; C. suffruticosa Vahl has antimicrobial activity, especially against pathogenic microorganisms as Pseudomonas syringae Van Hall, Pseudomonas fluorescens (Flügge) Migula, Xanthomonas campestris (Pammel) Dowson and Agrobacterium tumefaciens Smith & Townsend. Nevertheless, despite a long tradition of use of the above species, and others,…

Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of Three Species of the Apiaceae Family Growing Wild in Sicily: Bonannia graeca, Eryngium maritimum and Opopanax chironium

n the present study the chemical composition of the essential oils from aerial parts of Bonannia graeca (L.) Halácsy and Opopanax chironium (L.) Kock, and from aerial parts and roots of Eryngium maritimum L. was evaluated by GC and GC-MS. α-Pinene (15.2%) and β-pinene were recognized as the main constituents of B. graeca, whereas the aerial parts of O. chironium contained mainly the diterpene cembrene and the coumarin angelicin. In both aerial parts and roots of E. maritimum germacrene D (10.4% and 15.9%, respectively) and 2,4,5-trimethylbenzaldehyde (8.3% and 6.7%) were the most abundant components

Chemical composition of the essential oil from aerial parts of Stachys palustris L. (Lamiaceae) growing wild in Southern Italy

The paper reports the composition of the essential oil from aerial parts of Stachys palustris L. (Lamiaceae) from Southern Italy. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation from selected plants and its chemical composition was determined by the GC-MS system on two fused- silica capillary columns of different polarity. The mass fraction of oil was 0.21 % on a dry weight basis. Altogether, 92 compounds were identified accounting for 93.6 % of the total oil, which was characterized mainly by carbonylic compounds (25.4 %), fatty acids and their esters (24.2 %), along with sesquiterpenoidic compounds (16.0 %) and phenols (11.2 %). The major components of the sample were caryophyllene o…

Volatile components of Centaurea bracteata and C. pannonica subsp. pannonica growing wild in Croatia.

This paper reports on the volatile components of oils from the aerial parts (CBA) and roots (CBR) of Centaurea bracteata Scop. and aerial parts of C. pannonica (Heuffel) Simonkai subsp. pannonica (CPA), two Asteraceae growing wild in Croatia. The volatile components, obtained by hydrodistillation, were determined by GC-MS analysis. The yields (w/w) of the dried oils were 0.10% (CBA), 0.22% (CBR) and 0.09% (CPA), respectively. A total of 91 compounds were identified accounting for 91.1%, 93.3% and 87.9% of the total oil for CBA, CBR and CPA, respectively. All the samples were characterized mainly by hydrocarbons (7.1-34.1%), fatty acids (9.7-45.9%), and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (15.2-16.6%)…

Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Teucrium flavum ssp. flavum from Zakynthos, Greece

Essential oil extracted from dried aerial parts of Teucrium flavum ssp. flavum harvested in Zakynthos, Greece, was analysed by gas phase chomatography (GC) and gas chomatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main constituents were caryophyllene (13.5%), caryophyllene oxide (8.5%), 4-vinyl guaiacol (6.0%) and α- humulene (5.0%).

Essential oil composition of Tanacetum vulgare subsp. siculum (Guss.) Raimondo et Spadaro (Asteraceae) from Sicily

Ninety-four components of the essential oils from aerial parts and capitula of Tanacetum vulgare subsp. siculum (Guss.) Raimondo et Spadaro were detected. alpha-Thujone, beta-thujone and 1,8-cineole were the main constituents of the oils. The analysis allows the assignment of this Tanacetum species to the thujone chemotype.

Volatile components from aerial parts of Centaurea gracilenta and C. ovina ssp. besserana growing wild in Bulgaria

The essential oils of Centaurea gracilenta Velen. (CG) and C. ovina Pall. ex Willd. ssp. besserana (DC.) Dostál (COB) growing wild in Bulgaria, were studied by GC and GC-MS. Forty-five compounds for CG, representing the 90.1% of the oil, and 68 compounds for COB, representing the 91.9% of the oil, were identified. The oils were rich in sesquiterpenoids (33.4% for CG and 27.3% for COB), hydrocarbons (28.3% for CG and 10.7% for COB) and carbonylic compounds (12.7% for CG and 13.1% for COB). Fatty acids were abundant only for COB (31.3%). beta-Eudesmol (12.8%), nonacosane (11.8%) and p-vinyl guiacol (7.5%) were recognized as the main constituents for CG, while hexadecanoic acid (21.4%), spathu…

Volatile components from aerial parts of centaurea spinosociliata seenus ssp. Cristata (Bartl.) Dostál and centaurea spinosociliata seenus ssp. spinosociliata growing wild in Croatia

The paper reports on the volatile components oil from aerial parts of two Asteraceae growing wild in Croatia: Centaurea spinosociliata ssp. cristata (syn. Centaurea cristata Bartl. subsp. rabenhorstiana (Sch.Bip.) Nyman) (CSC) and C. spinosociliata ssp. spinosociliata (CSS). The volatile components were obtained by hydrodistillation from selected plants and were determined by the GC-MS system on two fused-silica capillary columns of different polarity. The oil content was 0.08 % (CSC) and 0.07 % (CSS) on a dry weight basis. Altogether 73 compounds were identified accounting for 90.8 % (CSC) and 92.8 % (CSS) of the total oil, that were characterized mainly by hydrocarbons (37.9 %; 30.4 %), s…

Activity against microorganisms affecting cellulosic objects of volatile constituents of Leonotis nepetaefolia from Nicaragua

The chemical composition of the essential oil from aerial parts of L. nepetaefolia (L.) R. Br. collected in Nicaragua was evaluated by GC and GC-MS. The main components were (Z)-phytol (22.8%), caryophyllene oxide (18.9%) and hexahydrofarnesylacetone (9.0%). The antibacterial activity against several Gram + and Gram-bacteria, including Bacillus cereus and B. subtilis, both infesting historical cellulosic material, was also determined. B. cereus, B. subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermis were the most affected by the action of the oil.

Influence of harvesting time on composition of the essential oil of Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmanns. & Link. growing wild in northern Sicily and its activity on microorganisms affecting historical art crafts

One of the main factors affecting historical art crafts material is the biodeterioration performed by bacteria and fungi, in archives, museums or private collections. Several microorganisms cause degradation to the natural organic material such as fibers, woods, and dyes as well as to stone objects. These alterations produce deterioration of physical, chemical, mechanical and esthetic properties. Consequently, in this publication, we report the high antibacterial and antifungal activities of wild thyme essential oil, oil that can be used as an alternative natural tool in the fight against microorganisms affecting historical art crafts.Essential oil of the Thymus capitatus growing wild in no…