0000000001226197
AUTHOR
Martha Kandziora
Dual colonization of the Palaearctic from different regions in the Afrotropics bySenecio
Aim Investigation of the geographical origin of Senecio and the colonization of the Palaearctic including the relationship of life-history strategy and elevational distribution in the source area and the colonized area. Location Worldwide with a focus on the Afrotropic and the Palaearctic. Methods Sampling focused on adding species from the Afrotropic to existing datasets of Senecio. Two nuclear markers and three chloroplast markers were amplified and sequenced. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference were used to infer phylogeny, divergence times, biogeographical history and life-history strategy evolution. Results Senecio originated most likely during the Mid to Late Miocene in western …
MOESM13 of Leaps and bounds: geographical and ecological distance constrained the colonisation of the Afrotemperate by Erica
Additional file 13. Results: Ancestral area reconstructions inferred using BioGeoBEARS given the best tree under the best fitting model given A: DEC + J; B: DEC; and without range or dispersal constraint: C: DEC + J; D: DEC. For each model the single most probable state is shown first (boxes with areas at nodes) followed by the relative probability of each state represented with pie charts at nodes. Areas are represented by colours: Dark blue for Europe (E); green for Tropical Africa (T); yellow for Madagascar (M); light blue for Drakensberg (D); red for Cape (C); and further colours for widespread distributions as indicated in the legends.
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Additional file 4. Methods: Selected bootstrap trees used to represent phylogenetic uncertainty between geographically restricted major clades.
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Additional file 3. Methods: Biogeographic models; example files for BioGeoBEARS analyses
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Additional file 6 Results: pairwise climate similarity (Schoener’s D) between biogeographic areas per PC axis.
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Additional file 7 Results: Pairwise climate similarity (Schoener’s D) between biogeographic areas for combined PC axes.
MOESM12 of Leaps and bounds: geographical and ecological distance constrained the colonisation of the Afrotemperate by Erica
Additional file 12. Results: Number of all dispersal events (mean and standard deviation of all observed anagenetic ‘a’, ‘d’ dispersals, PLUS cladogenetic founder/jump dispersal) averaged from 50 biogeographical stochastic mappings under the best inferred model using the best tree.
MOESM9 of Leaps and bounds: geographical and ecological distance constrained the colonisation of the Afrotemperate by Erica
Additional file 9. Results: Summary of event counts from 50 biogeographical stochastic mappings under the best inferred model using the best tree.
Leaps and bounds: geographical and ecological distance constrained the colonisation of the Afrotemperate by Erica.
Abstract Background The coincidence of long distance dispersal (LDD) and biome shift is assumed to be the result of a multifaceted interplay between geographical distance and ecological suitability of source and sink areas. Here, we test the influence of these factors on the dispersal history of the flowering plant genus Erica (Ericaceae) across the Afrotemperate. We quantify similarity of Erica climate niches per biogeographic area using direct observations of species, and test various colonisation scenarios while estimating ancestral areas for the Erica clade using parametric biogeographic model testing. Results We infer that the overall dispersal history of Erica across the Afrotemperate…
MOESM8 of Leaps and bounds: geographical and ecological distance constrained the colonisation of the Afrotemperate by Erica
Additional file 8. Results of the different models under DEC + J and DEC (generally the better models compared to DIVA-like and BAYAREA-like-models).
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Additional file 10. Results: Number of range-expansion dispersal events (mean and standard deviation of all observed “d” dispersals) averaged across 50 biogeographical stochastic mappings under the best inferred model using the best tree.
Frequent colonization and little in situ speciation in Senecio in the tropical alpine-like islands of eastern Africa.
Premise of the study Floras of continental habitat islands, like those of islands, originate mostly through colonization, which can be followed by in situ speciation. We here address the question of the relative importance of colonization and in situ diversification in the high-altitude areas of the eastern African high mountains, the tropical Afroalpine Region, using the most species-rich genus in the region, Senecio, as an example. Methods We expanded earlier Senecioneae phylogenies by adding more tropical African species and analyzed our phylogenetic tree biogeographically. Key results Senecio contains at least five clades with tropical African species, all of them containing tropical af…
The evolution of dwarf shrubs in alpine environments: a case study ofAlchemillain Africa
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alpine and arctic environments worldwide, including high mountains, are dominated by short-stature woody plants (dwarf shrubs). This conspicuous life form asserts considerable influence on local environmental conditions above the treeline, creating its own microhabitat. This study reconstructs the evolution of dwarf shrubs in Alchemilla in the African tropical alpine environment, where they represent one of the largest clades and are among the most common and abundant plants. METHODS Different phylogenetic inference methods were used with plastid and nuclear DNA sequence markers, molecular dating (BEAST and RelTime), analyses of diversification rate shifts (MEDUSA and BA…
MOESM11 of Leaps and bounds: geographical and ecological distance constrained the colonisation of the Afrotemperate by Erica
Additional file 11. Results: Number of cladogenetic dispersal events (mean and standard deviation of all observed jump ‘j’ dispersals) averaged from 50 biogeographical stochastic mappings under the best inferred model using the best tree.
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Additional file 2. Methods: Global environmental space, area ranges, and climate similarity analysis.
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Additional file 5. Methods: Mesquite file used for parsimony ancestral state reconstruction including RAXML bootstrap trees.
MOESM1 of Leaps and bounds: geographical and ecological distance constrained the colonisation of the Afrotemperate by Erica
Additional file 1. Methods: occurrence data.