0000000001301862
AUTHOR
Marc De Meyer
Fauna Europaea: Diptera – Brachycera
Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names (including important synonyms) of all extant multicellular European terrestrial and freshwater animals and their geographical distribution at the level of countries and major islands (east of the Urals and excluding the Caucasus region). The Fauna Europaea project comprises about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies, which is much more than the originally projected number of 100,000 species. Fauna Europaea represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing taxonomic specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many user c…
An integrative approach to unravel the Ceratitis FAR (Diptera, Tephritidae) cryptic species complex: a review
Abstract This paper reviews all information gathered from different disciplines and studies to resolve the species status within the Ceratitis FAR (Ceratitis fasciventris, Ceratitis anonae, Ceratitis rosa) complex, a group of polyphagous fruit fly pest species (Diptera, Tephritidae) from Africa. It includes information on larval and adult morphology, wing morphometrics, cuticular hydrocarbons, pheromones, microsatellites, developmental physiology and geographic distribution. The general consensus is that the FAR complex comprises Ceratitis anonae, two species within Ceratitis rosa (so-called R1 and R2) and two putatitve species under Ceratitis fasciventris. The information regarding the lat…
Wing morphometrics as a possible tool for the diagnosis of the Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa complex (Diptera, Tephritidae)
Abstract Previous attempts to resolve the Ceratitis FAR complex (Ceratitis fasciventris, Ceratitis anonae, Ceratitis rosa, Diptera, Tephritidae) showed contrasting results and revealed the occurrence of five microsatellite genotypic clusters (A, F1, F2, R1, R2). In this paper we explore the potential of wing morphometrics for the diagnosis of FAR morphospecies and genotypic clusters. We considered a set of 227 specimens previously morphologically identified and genotyped at 16 microsatellite loci. Seventeen wing landmarks and 6 wing band areas were used for morphometric analyses. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance detected significant differences both across morphospecies and g…
Supplementary material 13 from: Van Cann J, Virgilio M, Jordaens K, De Meyer M (2015) Wing morphometrics as a possible tool for the diagnosis of the Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 489-506. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9724
Individual assignments to genotypic clusters A, F1, F2, R1, R2: Explanation note: Posterior group membership probabilities (PGMPs) of male and female specimens as resulting from Discriminant Analysis of Principal Coordinates of wing landmarks (upper) or wing band areas (lower). Prior groups: A, F1, F2, R1, R2 (from white to dark blue).
Supplementary material 11 from: Van Cann J, Virgilio M, Jordaens K, De Meyer M (2015) Wing morphometrics as a possible tool for the diagnosis of the Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 489-506. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9724
Constrained ordination of wing band areas: Explanation note: Discriminant analysis of principal coordinates (DAPC) maximising morphometric differences in wing band areas between males and females (a) Ceratitis anonae, Ceratitis fasciventris and Ceratitis rosa and (b) genotypic clusters A, F1, F2, R1, R2.
Supplementary material 8 from: Van Cann J, Virgilio M, Jordaens K, De Meyer M (2015) Wing morphometrics as a possible tool for the diagnosis of the Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 489-506. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9724
Unconstrained ordination of wing landmarks: Explanation note: Principal component analysis (PCA) showing morphometric differences in wing landmarks between males and females (a) Ceratitis anonae, Ceratitis fasciventris and Ceratitis rosa and (b) genotypic clusters A, F1, F2, R1, R2.
Supplementary material 4 from: Van Cann J, Virgilio M, Jordaens K, De Meyer M (2015) Wing morphometrics as a possible tool for the diagnosis of the Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 489-506. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9724
Wing landmarks and wing band areas: Explanation note: Position of wing landmarks and wing band areas (numbers according to Suppl. material 3).
Supplementary material 12 from: Van Cann J, Virgilio M, Jordaens K, De Meyer M (2015) Wing morphometrics as a possible tool for the diagnosis of the Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 489-506. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9724
Average individual assignments: Explanation note: Average individual posterior group membership probabilities (PGMPs) of male and female specimens of three morphospecies (Ceratitis anonae, Ceratitis fasciventris and Ceratitis rosa) and five genotypic clusters (A, F1, F2, R1, R2) as resulting from the analysis of wing landmarks (light grey) and wing band areas (dark grey).
Supplementary material 2 from: Van Cann J, Virgilio M, Jordaens K, De Meyer M (2015) Wing morphometrics as a possible tool for the diagnosis of the Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 489-506. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9724
Map of sampling locations: Explanation note: Number of sampled specimens for each morphospecies are indicated in parentheses.
Supplementary material 9 from: Van Cann J, Virgilio M, Jordaens K, De Meyer M (2015) Wing morphometrics as a possible tool for the diagnosis of the Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 489-506. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9724
Unconstrained ordination of wing band areas: Explanation note: Principal component analysis (PCA) showing morphometric differences in wing band areas between males and females (a) Ceratitis anonae, Ceratitis fasciventris and Ceratitis rosa and (b) genotypic clusters A, F1, F2, R1, R2.
Supplementary material 15 from: Van Cann J, Virgilio M, Jordaens K, De Meyer M (2015) Wing morphometrics as a possible tool for the diagnosis of the Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 489-506. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9724
Morphometric differences across genotypic clusters (wing band areas): Explanation note: PERMANOVA and a posteriori comparisons (t-statistic) testing differences in multivariate patterns of wing band areas among morphospecies (Ceratitis anonae, Ceratitis fasciventris, Ceratitis rosa). d.f.: degrees of freedom; MS: mean square estimates; F: pseudo-F. Probability of Monte Carlo simulations: n.s.: not significant a P<0.05; ***: P<0.001, **: P<0.01; *: P<0.05 (after False Discovery Rate Correction for repeated a posteriori comparisons).
Supplementary material 5 from: Van Cann J, Virgilio M, Jordaens K, De Meyer M (2015) Wing morphometrics as a possible tool for the diagnosis of the Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 489-506. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9724
Preliminary methodological experiment: unconstrained ordination of wing landmarks: Explanation note: Principal component analysis (PCA) showing morphometric differences in wing landmarks of 14 Ceratitis rosa specimens across sexes (M, F), wings (LW: left wing, RW: right wing), repeated images of the same wing (1, 2), repeated measures of the same image (A, B).
Supplementary material 14 from: Van Cann J, Virgilio M, Jordaens K, De Meyer M (2015) Wing morphometrics as a possible tool for the diagnosis of the Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 489-506. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9724
Morphometric differences across morphospecies (wing band areas): Explanation note: PERMANOVA and a posteriori comparisons (t-statistic) testing differences in multivariate patterns of wing band areas among morphospecies (Ceratitis anonae, Ceratitis fasciventris, Ceratitis rosa). d.f.: degrees of freedom; MS: mean square estimates; F: pseudo-F. Probability of Monte Carlo simulations: n.s.: not significant a P<0.05; ***: P<0.001, **: P<0.01; *: P<0.05 (after False Discovery Rate Correction for repeated a posteriori comparisons).
Supplementary material 3 from: Van Cann J, Virgilio M, Jordaens K, De Meyer M (2015) Wing morphometrics as a possible tool for the diagnosis of the Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 489-506. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9724
Wing landmarks and wing band areas: Explanation note: List of wing landmarks and wing band areas considered in this study.
Supplementary material 1 from: Van Cann J, Virgilio M, Jordaens K, De Meyer M (2015) Wing morphometrics as a possible tool for the diagnosis of the Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 489-506. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9724
Morphometric data: Explanation note: Specimen list and details and raw morphometric data (for both wing landmarks and wing band areas).
Supplementary material 6 from: Van Cann J, Virgilio M, Jordaens K, De Meyer M (2015) Wing morphometrics as a possible tool for the diagnosis of the Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 489-506. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9724
Preliminary methodological experiment: unconstrained ordination of wing band areas: Explanation note: Principal component analysis (PCA) showing morphometric differences in wing band areas of 14 Ceratitis rosa specimens across sexes, wings (LW: left wing, RW: right wing), repeated images of the same wing (1, 2), repeated measures of the same image (A, B).
Supplementary material 10 from: Van Cann J, Virgilio M, Jordaens K, De Meyer M (2015) Wing morphometrics as a possible tool for the diagnosis of the Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 489-506. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9724
Constrained ordination of wing landmarks: Explanation note: Discriminant analysis of principal coordinates (DAPC) maximising morphometric differences in wing landmarks between males and females (a) Ceratitis anonae, Ceratitis fasciventris and Ceratitis rosa and (b) genotypic clusters A, F1, F2, R1, R2.
Supplementary material 7 from: Van Cann J, Virgilio M, Jordaens K, De Meyer M (2015) Wing morphometrics as a possible tool for the diagnosis of the Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 489-506. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9724
Unconstrained ordination of wing landmarks across sexes of each morphospecies: Explanation note: Principal component analysis (PCA) showing morphometric differences in wing landmarks between sexes of each morphospecies (Ceratitis anonae, Ceratitis fasciventris, Ceratitis rosa). (all 227 specimens included).