What Contributes to the Measured Chiral Optical Response of the Glutathione-Protected Au25 Nanocluster?

2023

The water-soluble glutathione-protected [Au25(GSH)18]−1 nanocluster was investigated by integrating several methodologies such as molecular dynamics simulations, essential dynamics analysis, and state-of-the-art time-dependent density functional theory calculations. Fundamental aspects such as conformational, weak interactions and solvent effects, especially hydrogen-bonds, were included and found to play a fundamental role in assessing the optical response of this system. Our analysis demonstrated not only that the electronic circular dichroism is extremely sensitive to the solvent presence but also that the solvent itself plays an active role in the optical activity of such system, formin…

Ligand Ratio Plays a Critical Role in the Design of Optimal Multifunctional Gold Nanoclusters for Targeted Gastric Cancer Therapy

2021

Nanodrug delivery systems (NDDSs) based on water-soluble and atomically precise gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are under the spotlight due to their great potential in cancer theranostics. Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most aggressive cancers with a low early diagnosis rate, with drug therapy being the primary means to overcome its increasing incidence. In this work, we designed and characterized a set of 28 targeted nanosystems based on Au144(p-MBA)60 (p-MBA = para-mercaptobenzoic acid) nanocluster to be potentially employed as combination therapy in GC treatment. The proposed multifunctional AuNCs are functionalized with cytotoxic drugs (5-fluorouracil and epirubicin) or inhibitors of diffe…

Optimizing the SYBR green related cyanine dye structure to aim for brighter nucleic acid visualization

2022

In recent years, the studies of RNA and its use for the development of RNA based vaccines have increased drastically. Although cyanine dyes are commonly used probes for studying nucleic acids, in a wide range of applications, there is still a growing need for better and brighter dyes. To meet this demand, we have systematically studied the structure of SYBR green-related cyanine dyes to gain a deeper understanding of their interactions with biomolecules especially how they interact with nucleic acids and the structural components which makes them strongly fluorescent. Herein, five new dyes were synthesized, and their photophysical properties were evaluated. Observations of photophysical cha…

Atomically Precise Gold Nanoclusters: Towards an Optimal Biocompatible System from a Theoretical-Experimental Strategy.

2021

Potential biomedical applications of gold nanoparticles have increasingly been reported with great promise for diagnosis and therapy of several diseases. However, for such a versatile nanomaterial, the advantages and potential health risks need to be addressed carefully, as the available information about their toxicity is limited and inconsistent. Atomically precise gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) have emerged to overcome this challenge due to their unique features, such as superior stability, excellent biocompatibility, and efficient renal clearance. Remarkably, the elucidation of their structural and physicochemical properties provided by theory-experiment investigations offers exciting opport…

Chloride ligands on DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters

2023

DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters (AgN-DNAs) are known to have one or two DNA oligomer ligands per nanocluster. Here, we present the first evidence that AgN-DNA species can possess additional chloride ligands that lead to increased stability in biologically relevant concentrations of chloride. Mass spectrometry of five chromatographically isolated near-infrared (NIR)-emissive AgN-DNA species with previously reported X-ray crystal structures determines their molecular formulas to be (DNA)2[Ag16Cl2]8+. Chloride ligands can be exchanged for bromides, which red-shift the optical spectra of these emitters. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the 6-electron nanocluster show that the …

Active acetylcholine receptors prevent the atrophy of skeletal muscles and favor reinnervation

2020

Denervation of skeletal muscles induces severe muscle atrophy, which is preceded by cellular alterations such as increased plasma membrane permeability, reduced resting membrane potential and accelerated protein catabolism. The factors that induce these changes remain unknown. Conversely, functional recovery following denervation depends on successful reinnervation. Here, we show that activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) by quantal release of acetylcholine (ACh) from motoneurons is sufficient to prevent changes induced by denervation. Using in vitro assays, ACh and non-hydrolysable ACh analogs repressed the expression of connexin43 and connexin45 hemichannels, which prom…

A topological isomer of the Au25(SR)18−nanocluster

2020

Energetically low-lying structural isomers of the much-studied thiolate-protected gold cluster Au25(SR)18− are discovered from extensive (80 ns) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the reactive molecular force field ReaxFF and confirmed by density functional theory (DFT). A particularly interesting isomer is found, which is topologically connected to the known crystal structure by a low-barrier collective rotation of the icosahedral Au13 core. The isomerization takes place without breaking of any Au–S bonds. The predicted isomer is essentially iso-energetic with the known Au25(SR)18− structure, but has a distinctly different optical spectrum. It has a significantly larger collision cr…

Reversible isomerization of metal nanoclusters induced by intermolecular interaction

2021

Most inorganic nanoparticles are directly surface-terminated (and -stabilized) by protecting ligands, which could greatly affect the atomic packing and physical/chemical properties of their inorganic cores. Here, we show that the intermolecular interactions between the adsorbed molecules and surface ligands can also affect the core structure of inorganic nanoparticles. Through the coupling/decoupling of cationic surfactants (cetyltrimethylammonium cations, CTA+) and anionic surface ligands (para-mercaptobenzoic acid, p-MBA) in the aqueous phase, we have achieved a reversible transformation between two isomers of [Au25(p-MBA)18]− nanoclusters. The interconversion process between the two isom…

Experimental Confirmation of a Topological Isomer of the Ubiquitous Au25(SR)18 Cluster in the Gas Phase

2021

High-resolution electrospray ionization ion mobility mass spectrometry has revealed a gas-phase isomer of the ubiquitous, extremely well-studied Au25(SR)18 cluster both in anionic and cationic form. The relative abundance of the isomeric structures can be controlled by in-source activation. The measured collision cross section of the new isomer agrees extremely well with a recent theoretical prediction (Matus, M. F.; et al. Chem. Commun. 2020, 56, 8087) corresponding to a Au25(SR)18– isomer that is energetically close and topologically connected to the known ground-state structure via a simple rotation of the gold core without breaking any Au–S bonds. The results imply that the structural d…

Gold Nanoclusters: Atomically Precise Gold Nanoclusters: Towards an Optimal Biocompatible System from a Theoretical–Experimental Strategy (Small 27/2…

2021

Tailoring the interaction between a gold nanocluster and a fluorescent dye by cluster size : creating a toolbox of range-adjustable pH sensors

2022

We present a novel strategy for tailoring the fluorescent azadioxatriangulenium (KU) dye-based pH sensor to the target pH range by regulating the pKa value of the gold nanoclusters. Based on the correlation between the pKa and surface curvature of ligand-protected nanoparticles, the pKa value of the gold nanoclusters was controlled by size. In particular, three different-sized para-mercaptobenzoic acid (p-MBA) protected gold nanoclusters, Au25(p-MBA)18, Au102(p-MBA)44, and Au210–230(p-MBA)70–80 were used as the regulator for the pH range of the KU response. The negatively charged gold nanoclusters enabled the positively charged KU to bind to the surface, forming a complex and quenching the …

CCDC 2194827: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

2022

Related Article: Johanna M. Alaranta, Khai-Nghi Truong, María Francisca Matus, Sami A. Malola, Kari T. Rissanen, Sailee S. Shroff, Varpu S. Marjomäki, Hannu J. Häkkinen, Tanja M. Lahtinen|2022|Dyes Pigm.|208|110844|doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2022.110844

CCDC 2194825: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

2022

Related Article: Johanna M. Alaranta, Khai-Nghi Truong, María Francisca Matus, Sami A. Malola, Kari T. Rissanen, Sailee S. Shroff, Varpu S. Marjomäki, Hannu J. Häkkinen, Tanja M. Lahtinen|2022|Dyes Pigm.|208|110844|doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2022.110844

CCDC 2194823: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

2022

Related Article: Johanna M. Alaranta, Khai-Nghi Truong, María Francisca Matus, Sami A. Malola, Kari T. Rissanen, Sailee S. Shroff, Varpu S. Marjomäki, Hannu J. Häkkinen, Tanja M. Lahtinen|2022|Dyes Pigm.|208|110844|doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2022.110844

CCDC 2194826: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

2022

Related Article: Johanna M. Alaranta, Khai-Nghi Truong, María Francisca Matus, Sami A. Malola, Kari T. Rissanen, Sailee S. Shroff, Varpu S. Marjomäki, Hannu J. Häkkinen, Tanja M. Lahtinen|2022|Dyes Pigm.|208|110844|doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2022.110844

CCDC 2194824: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

2022

Related Article: Johanna M. Alaranta, Khai-Nghi Truong, María Francisca Matus, Sami A. Malola, Kari T. Rissanen, Sailee S. Shroff, Varpu S. Marjomäki, Hannu J. Häkkinen, Tanja M. Lahtinen|2022|Dyes Pigm.|208|110844|doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2022.110844