0000000001322789
AUTHOR
M. Schwarz
Determination of90Sr in environmental samples with resonance ionization spectroscopy in collinear geometry
A new, fast technique for trace analysis of the radioactive isotopes89Sr and90Sr in environmental samples has been developed. Conventional mass separation is combined with resonance ionization spectroscopy in collinear geometry, which provides high selectivity and sensitivity. In addition, a chemical separation procedure for sample preparation has been developed. The described technique was used to determine the90Sr content in ≈ 870 m3 air samples collected near Munich during and shortly after the Chernobyl reactor accident in April 1986. The content of90Sr was measured to be 1.4 mBq per m3, corresponding to 1.6 × 109 atoms of90Sr per sample. This value is in good agreement with the results…
Toll-like receptor 3 mediates expression of clusterin/apolipoprotein J in vascular smooth muscle cells stimulated with RNA released from necrotic cells.
Clusterin/Apolipoprotein J is a protein that is upregulated in a broad spectrum of diverse pathological processes. The predominant form is a secreted glycoprotein (sCLU) with cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties which shows enhanced expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) following aortic injury and in atherosclerotic disease. Recent evidence indicates that during atherosclerosis, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are activated in vascular cells by endogenous ligands. Here, we analyzed whether CLU expression in VSMC is controlled by TLRs, and stimulated by factors associated with or released by necrotic cells. Activation of TLR3 by the synthetic RNA analogue polyinosinic-polyc…
Expression and inducibility of drug-metabolizing enzymes in preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of rat liver during nitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis
The expression, inducibility, and regulation of four different cytochrome (cyt.) P-450 isoenzymes (PB1, PB2, MC1, and MC2) NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, the glutathione transferases (GSTs) B and C and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEHb) have been studied during nitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis using immunohistochemical techniques. The investigations revealed basic differences in the expression of the individual drug metabolizing enzymes in the course of neoplastic development. While the two GSTs and mEHb were increased in all preneoplastic and benign neoplastic lesions, the levels of the distinct cyt. P-450 isoenzymes were characteristically different from each other. Following …
Hypertone Kochsalzlösung und Entlastungskraniotomie beim schweren Schädelhirntrauma im Kindesalter
Hypertone Kochsalzlosungen werden als ‚small volume resuscitation’ in der Therapie des Volumenmangelschocks eingesetzt. Tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen konnten auch eine Hirndrucksenkung durch hypertones NaCl nach Schadelhirntrauma (SHT) zeigen. Erste klinische Erfahrungen beim Erwachsenen mit SHT haben eine Wirksamkeit von hypertonem NaCl auf den erhohten intrakraniellen Druck (ICP) gezeigt, die auch dann noch besteht, wenn Mannitol nach mehrfachem Einsatz keine Wirksamkeit mehr besitzt. Stark hypertone NaCl-Losungen (> 3%) wurden beim kindlichen SHT bisher nicht eingesetzt. Material und Methoden: Bei zwei Jungen (11 J, 12 J) mit isoliertem SHT (jeweils unilateraler temporoparietaler Kon…
Rhein stimulates active chloride secretion in the short-circuited rat colonic mucosa.
In a short-circuited mucosa-submucosa preparation of the rat descending colon with preserved Meissner's plexus mounted as an everted sac rhein transiently increased the potential difference and short-circuit current (Isc) when administered serosally and mucosally, but serosal application was more effective. Maximal effects were obtained at rhein concentrations of 1.6 X 10(-4) and 3 X 10(-4) mol/l. Net chloride absorption was decreased. Indomethacin (5 X 10(-6) mol/l) did not inhibit the increase of Isc, but omission of calcium from the serosal side as well as tetrodoxin (2 X 10(-7) mol/l) decreased it by 50 and 60%. Mechanical removal of Meissner's plexus partly blocked the effect of rhein,…
Trace determination of 90Sr and 89Sr in environmental samples by collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy
Collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy has been developed as a sensitive technique for fast trace detection of 90Sr and 89Sr in the environment. A detection limit for 90Sr of 107 atoms in the presence of 1017 atoms in the presence of 1017 atoms of stable Strontium has been achieved, while the applicability of the method has been demonstrated on real world samples. After collection and chemical separation, strontium is surface ionized, accelerated to 33keV and mass separated. The ions are neutralized and the emerging fast atoms interact with an argon ion laser beam (γ=364 nm) in a quasi‐collinear geometry. Optical excitation starts from the long‐lived 5s4d3 D2 state of strontium, which …
Supplementary Material for: Everyday Life, Dietary Practices, and Health Conditions of Adult PKU Patients: A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Only few data on dietary management of adult phenylketonuria (PKU) patients are published. Objectives: This study aimed to assess living situation, dietary practices, and health conditions of early-treated adult PKU patients. Methods: A total of 183 early-treated PKU patients ≥18 years from 8 German metabolic centers received access to an online survey, containing 91 questions on sociodemographic data, dietary habits, and health conditions. Results: 144/183 patients (66% females) completed the questionnaire. Compared with German population, the proportion of single-person households was higher (22 vs. 47%), the rate of childbirth was lower (1.34 vs. 0.4%), but educational and pr…