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RESEARCH PRODUCT

Risk assessment associated to the intake of the emerging Fusarium mycotoxins BEA, ENs and FUS present in infant formula of Spanish origin

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Abstract Forty-five samples of Spanish follow-up infant formula with different chemical compositions were analyzed determining the emerging Fusarium mycotoxins beauvericin (BEA), enniatins (ENs) (A, A 1 , B, B 1 ), and fusaproliferin (FUS). The samples were extracted three times with ethyl acetate using an Ultra-turrax homogenizer. Mycotoxins were identified and quantified using a liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to a diode array detector (DAD). Results showed that the percentage of the samples contaminated with ENs and FUS were 46.6 and 20.0% respectively, whereas all analyzed samples were free of BEA. The ENs A and B were detected only in one sample with 149.6 and 39.4 mg/kg respectively. The ENB 1 was the more detected mycotoxin with levels ranging from 11.4 to 41.9 mg/kg. The ENA 1 was detected at levels ranging from 6.3 to 101.7 mg/kg. The minor Fusarium mycotoxin FUS was detected in a range variable from 0.7 to 1.7 mg/kg. Finally, dietary exposure of Spanish infants (between 6 and 12 months) to ENs, BEA and FUS, was estimated through the consumption of commercial follow-up infant formula by the calculation of the estimated daily intake (EDI). Considering the sum of the mycotoxins studied, the data evidenced that the EDI was 236.2 μg/kg bw/day.