6533b7cffe1ef96bd1258e30

RESEARCH PRODUCT

Calcium in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis: EMAS clinical guide

Alfred O. MueckPauliina TuomikoskiAntonio CanoTommaso SimonciniJohn C. StevensonPetra StuteLevent M. SenturkPatrice LopesIrene LambrinoudakiMargaret ReesPeter ChedrauiDimitrios G. GoulisGita D. Mishra

subject

Genetics and Molecular Biology (all)OsteoporosisElemental calciumDiseaseDAIRY-PRODUCTSBiochemistrylaw.inventionCalcium; Diet; Excess-calcium risk; Postmenopausal osteoporosis; Prevention; Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology (all); Obstetrics and GynecologyFractures Bone0302 clinical medicineRandomized controlled trial3123 Gynaecology and paediatricslawVITAMIN-D SUPPLEMENTATION030212 general & internal medicineVitamin DOsteoporosis PostmenopausalDIETARY CALCIUMObstetrics and GynecologyVitaminsRANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL3. Good healthCARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASEDietary Reference IntakeFemalemedicine.medical_specialtychemistry.chemical_element030209 endocrinology & metabolismCalciumReference Daily IntakeGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology03 medical and health sciencesPostmenopausal osteoporosisInternal medicinemedicineVitamin D and neurologyHumansCORONARY-HEART-DISEASESYMPTOMATIC KIDNEY-STONESIntensive care medicinebusiness.industryPreventionSERUM-CALCIUMUPDATED METAANALYSISmedicine.diseaseFRACTURE PREVENTIONDietCalcium DietaryExcess-calcium riskEndocrinologychemistryDietary SupplementsOsteoporosisCalciumbusiness

description

Abstract Introduction Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a highly prevalent disease. Prevention through lifestyle measures includes an adequate calcium intake. Despite the guidance provided by scientific societies and governmental bodies worldwide, many issues remain unresolved. Aims To provide evidence regarding the impact of calcium intake on the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis and critically appraise current guidelines. Materials and methods Literature review and consensus of expert opinion. Results and conclusion The recommended daily intake of calcium varies between 700 and 1200 mg of elemental calcium, depending on the endorsing source. Although calcium can be derived either from the diet or supplements, the former source is preferred. Intake below the recommended amount may increase fragility fracture risk; however, there is no consistent evidence that calcium supplementation at, or above, recommended levels reduces risk. The addition of vitamin D may minimally reduce fractures, mainly among institutionalised people. Excessive intake of calcium, defined as higher than 2000 mg/day, can be potentially harmful. Some studies demonstrated harm even at lower dosages. An increased risk for cardiovascular events, urolithiasis and even fractures has been found in association with excessive calcium intake, but this issue remains unresolved. In conclusion, an adequate intake of calcium is recommended for general bone health. Excessive calcium intake seems of no benefit, and could possibly be harmful.

yearjournalcountryeditionlanguage
2017-11-25Maturitas
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.10.004