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RESEARCH PRODUCT

Influence of Bleaching Agents on Surface Roughness of Sound or Eroded Dental Enamel Specimens

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Purpose:  The aim of the present in vitro study was to assess the effect of bleaching agents on eroded and sound enamel specimens. Materials and Methods:  Enamel specimens prepared from human permanent anterior teeth were incubated with different bleaching agents containing active ingredients as 7.5 or 13.5% hydrogen peroxide or 35% carbamide peroxide, ranging in pH from 4.9 to 10.8. The effect of the tooth whitening agents on surface roughness was tested for sound enamel surfaces as well as for eroded enamel specimens. To provoke erosive damage, the enamel specimens were incubated for 10 hours with apple juice (pH = 3.4). Afterwards, pretreated and untreated dental slices were incubated with one of the bleaching agents for 10 hours. The surface roughness (Ra) of all enamel specimens (N = 80) was measured using an optical profilometric device. A descriptive statistical analysis of the Ra values was performed. Results:  The study demonstrated that exposure to an acidic bleaching agent (pH = 4.9) resulted in a higher surface roughness (p = 0.043) than treatment with a high peroxide concentration (pH = 6.15). If the enamel surface was previously exposed to erosive beverages, subsequent bleaching may enhance damage to the dental hard tissue. Conclusion:  Bleaching agents with a high concentration of peroxide or an acidic pH can influence the surface roughness of sound or eroded enamel. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Patients with erosive defects who wish to receive a tooth bleaching treatment must be informed about possible complications and damage to the tooth surface. However, extrapolation of in vitro results to clinical situations is limited. (J Esthet Restor Dent 22:391–401, 2010)