6533b7d3fe1ef96bd126135c

RESEARCH PRODUCT

South East tropical Atlantic warm events and southern African rainfall

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description

[1] Intrusions of warm equatorial water in the South East Atlantic Ocean off Angola and Namibia may be linked with above average rainfall along the coast of those countries but sometimes also with inland areas of southern Africa e.g. Zambia. During the 1984, 1986, 1995 and 2001 warm events, above average rainfall occurred near the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and extended inland from the coast to an extent that appeared to depend on the intensity of the regional moisture convergence and atmospheric circulation anomalies. Rainfall over western Angola/Namibia is greatest for those events for which the local circulation anomalies act to strengthen the climatological westwards flux of Indian Ocean sourced moisture across low latitude southern Africa and which flow anticyclonically over the warmest SST off the coast thereby weakening the mean southeasterly moisture flux away from Africa over the SE Atlantic. The significance of the warm events occurring during the February to April period is that this is the time when SST reaches its maximum in the annual cycle (up to 28C off northern Angola) and this favours more intense local evaporation and convection and a greater impact on late austral summer rainfall. Better understanding of these warm events is necessary for assessing impacts on regional rainfall, agriculture and fisheries and for improving seasonal forecasting in this region. INDEX TERMS: 3309 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Climatology (1620); 3374 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Tropical meteorology; 3319 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: General circulation; 1821 Hydrology: Floods; 3339 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Ocean/atmosphere interactions (0312, 4504). Citation: Rouault, M., P. Florenchie, N. Fauchereau, and C. J. C. Reason, South East tropical Atlantic warm events and southern African rainfall, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(5), 8009, doi:10.1029/2002GL014840, 2003.