6533b7d8fe1ef96bd1269f89

RESEARCH PRODUCT

Regulatory changes in pterin and carotenoid genes underlie balanced color polymorphisms in the wall lizard

Pedro AndradeCatarina PinhoGuillem Pérez I De LanuzaSandra AfonsoJindřich BrejchaCarl-johan RubinOla WallermanPaulo PereiraStephen J. SabatinoAdriana BellatiDaniele Pellitteri-rosaZuzana BosakovaIgnas BunikisMiguel A. CarreteroNathalie FeinerPetr MarsikFrancisco PaupérioDaniele SalviLucile SolerGeoffrey M. WhileTobias UllerEnrique FontLeif AnderssonMiguel Carneiro

subject

balanced polymorphismBalanced polymorphismgenetic structuresEvolutionIntrogressionintrogressionColorpterin pigmentationSkin PigmentationDioxygenasesEvolutionsbiologiGeneticAnimalscarotenoid pigmentationPolymorphismPterin pigmentationEvolutionary BiologyPolymorphism GeneticBalanced polymorphism; Carotenoid pigmentation; Introgression; Podarcis muralis; Pterin pigmentation; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Animals; Carotenoids; Color; Dioxygenases; Lizards; Pigmentation; Polymorphism Genetic; Pterins; Skin PigmentationPigmentationLizardsBiological SciencesCarotenoidsPterinsAlcohol OxidoreductasesPNAS PlusCarotenoid pigmentationPodarcis muralissense organs

description

Significance Reptiles show an amazing color diversity based on variation in melanins, carotenoids, and pterins. This study reveals genes controlling differences between three color morphs (white, orange, and yellow) in the common wall lizard. Orange pigmentation, due to high levels of orange/red pterins in skin, is caused by genetic changes in the sepiapterin reductase gene. Yellow skin, showing high levels of yellow carotenoids, is controlled by the beta-carotene oxygenase 2 locus. Thus, the color polymorphism in the common wall lizard is associated with changes in two small regions of the genome containing genes with crucial roles in pterin and carotenoid metabolism. These genes are likely to have pleiotropic effects on behavior and other traits associated with the different color morphs.

yearjournalcountryeditionlanguage
2019-02-01
10.1073/pnas.1820320116http://hdl.handle.net/11697/136691