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RESEARCH PRODUCT

Intestinal CD36 : A long chain fatty acid receptor which controls post prandial hypertriglyceridemia, endotoxemia and intestinal epithelium integrity

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description

Post prandial hypertriglyceridemia represents a risk factor for cardio-vascular diseases and it is associated with metabolic syndrom, obesity, and insulino-resistance. The intestine influences lipid bioavailibility and post prandial hypertriglyceridemia. It controls the quantity and the quality of secreted chylomicrons by adapting its metabolism according to the lipid content of the diet. Nevertheless, the mechanism of dietary lipid detection by the enterocyte is not understood. Our work demonstrates that the transmembrane glycoprotein CD36 is a Long Chain Fatty Acid (LCFA) receptor which triggers ERK1/2 activation. This activation is responsible for the induction of mRNA rate of 3 key proteins of lipid absorption (Apobec1, Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein (MTP), Liver-Fatty Acid Binding Protein (L-FABP)) and for CD36 degradation. The physiological relevance of this receptor has been assessed in CD36 (-/-) mice fed with a High Fat Diet (HFD) rich in saturated or unsaturated LCFA. Our data demontstrates that CD36 is crucial for the absorption of an important quantity of lipids, to the control of hypertriglyceridemia, of intestinal inflammation and of endotoxemia. These effects are getting worse in the case of HFD rich in unsaturated LCFA, which can be lethal. Intestinal CD36 could represent a therapeutic target in the treatment of post prandial hypertriglyceridemia and endotoxemia.