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RESEARCH PRODUCT

First report on the presence of emerging Fusarium mycotoxins enniatins (A, A1, B, B1), beauvericin and fusaproliferin in rice on the Moroccan retail markets

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Seventy samples of rice purchased from local markets in six cities from Morocco (Rabat, Casablanca, Kenitra, Mohammadia, Tanger and Errachidia) were analyzed for the presence of six emerging mycotoxins: four enniatins ENs (ENA, ENA1, ENB and ENB1), beauvericin (BEA) and fusaproliferin (FUS). Samples were extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile/water (85/15, v/v) by using an ultra-turrax homogenizer. Mycotoxins were then identified and quantified with liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to diode array detector (DAD). Positive samples were confirmed with an LC-MS/MS. Analytical results showed that BEA was present in 75.7% of total analyzed samples. BEA levels varied between 3.8 and 26.3 mg/kg. The frequencies of contamination of samples with total ENs and FUS were 50% and 4.3%, respectively. Among the ENs, ENB was the mycotoxin much more found (30% of total samples), while ENB1, ENA and ENA1 were found in 24.6%, 22.8% and 5.7% of total samples, respectively. The high ENs value was registered in a rice sample from kenitra (448.7 mg/kg of ENA1). This is the first study that describes the presence of emerging Fusarium mycotoxins in rice available in Morocco.