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RESEARCH PRODUCT

Lean NAFLD: A Distinct Entity Shaped by Differential Metabolic Adaptation

Mahmoud Karimi AzardaryanySally CoulterChristopher LiddleChiara RossoMayada MetwallyJacob GeorgeElisabetta BugianesiFei ChenJocelyn M. ChooLeon A. AdamsSalvatore PettaRamy YounesMohammed EslamGiulio MarchesiniGeraint B. RogersAli BayoumiAntonio CraxìSaeed EsmailiSaeed Esmaili

subject

Male0301 basic medicineReceptors Cytoplasmic and NuclearGut floraMice0302 clinical medicineNon-alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseFibrosisNonalcoholic fatty liver diseasebiologyMiddle AgedNAFLD; bile acids; fibrosis; gut microbiota; leanPhospholipases A2 Calcium-IndependentFemale030211 gastroenterology & hepatologyfibrosiAdultmedicine.medical_specialtydigestive systemBile Acids and SaltsCyclic N-Oxides03 medical and health sciencesThinnessInternal medicineNAFLDmedicinebile acidAnimalsHumansbile acidsHepatologygut microbiotabusiness.industryFGF15fibrosisnutritional and metabolic diseasesFGF19leanmedicine.diseasebiology.organism_classificationNAFLD fibrosis lean bile acids gut microbiotadigestive system diseasesGastrointestinal MicrobiomeFibroblast Growth FactorsMice Inbred C57BLDisease Models Animal030104 developmental biologyEndocrinologyFarnesoid X receptorSteatohepatitisbusinessTropanesTM6SF2

description

Background and Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects a quarter of the adult population. A significant subset of patients are lean, but their underlying pathophysiology is not well understood. Approach and Results: We investigated the role of bile acids (BAs) and the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of lean NAFLD. BA and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19 levels (a surrogate for intestinal farnesoid X receptor [FXR] activity), patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3), and transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) variants, and gut microbiota profiles in lean and nonlean NAFLD were investigated in a cohort of Caucasian patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD (n = 538), lean healthy controls (n = 30), and experimental murine models. Patients with lean NAFLD had a more favorable metabolic and histological profile compared with those with nonlean NAFLD (P < 0.05 for all). BA levels were significantly higher in NAFLD with advanced compared with earlier stages of liver fibrosis. Patients with lean NAFLD had higher serum secondary BA and FGF19 levels and reduced 7-alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) levels (P < 0.05 for all). These differences were more profound in early compared with advanced stages of fibrosis (P < 0.05 for both). Lean patients demonstrated an altered gut microbiota profile. Similar findings were demonstrated in lean and nonlean murine models of NAFLD. Treating mice with an apical sodium-dependent BA transporter inhibitor (SC-435) resulted in marked increases in fgf15, a shift in the BA and microbiota profiles, and improved steatohepatitis in the lean model. Conclusions: Differences in metabolic adaptation between patients with lean and nonlean NAFLD, at least in part, explain the pathophysiology and provide options for therapy.

yearjournalcountryeditionlanguage
2020-01-01
10.1002/hep.30908http://hdl.handle.net/11585/789755