6533b826fe1ef96bd128524f

RESEARCH PRODUCT

The multiple facets of Cajal-Retzius neurons.

Oriane BlanquieFrédéric CauseretAlessandra PieraniMatthieu X Moreau

subject

[SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/NeurobiologyCell Adhesion Molecules NeuronalNeurogenesisSynaptogenesisHippocampusNerve Tissue Proteins[SDV.BC.IC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB]BiologyDevelopmentMolecular heterogeneityHippocampusCajal-Retzius neurons03 medical and health sciencesGlutamatergicMolecular profiling0302 clinical medicineCortex (anatomy)[SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB]Biological neural networkmedicineotorhinolaryngologic diseasesAnimalsHumansReelinMolecular Biology030304 developmental biologyCerebral CortexNeurons0303 health sciencesExtracellular Matrix ProteinsCell DeathSerine Endopeptidases[SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology[SDV.BDD.EO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology/Embryology and OrganogenesisReelin Proteinmedicine.anatomical_structure[SDV.BDD.EO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology/Embryology and Organogenesisbiology.proteinCortexIdentification (biology)TranscriptomeNeuroscience030217 neurology & neurosurgerySingle-cell transcriptomicsDevelopmental Biology

description

ABSTRACTCajal-Retzius neurons (CRs) are among the first-born neurons in the developing cortex of reptiles, birds and mammals, including humans. The peculiarity of CRs lies in the fact they are initially embedded into the immature neuronal network before being almost completely eliminated by cell death at the end of cortical development. CRs are best known for controlling the migration of glutamatergic neurons and the formation of cortical layers through the secretion of the glycoprotein reelin. However, they have been shown to play numerous additional key roles at many steps of cortical development, spanning from patterning and sizing functional areas to synaptogenesis. The use of genetic lineage tracing has allowed the discovery of their multiple ontogenetic origins, migratory routes, expression of molecular markers and death dynamics. Nowadays, single-cell technologies enable us to appreciate the molecular heterogeneity of CRs with an unprecedented resolution. In this Review, we discuss the morphological, electrophysiological, molecular and genetic criteria allowing the identification of CRs. We further expose the various sources, migration trajectories, developmental functions and death dynamics of CRs. Finally, we demonstrate how the analysis of public transcriptomic datasets allows extraction of the molecular signature of CRs throughout their transient life and consider their heterogeneity within and across species.

10.1242/dev.199409https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34047341