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RESEARCH PRODUCT

Psychological Well-Being During the Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediation Role of Generalized Anxiety

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Palmira Faraci, Rossella Bottaro, Giusy Danila Valenti, Giuseppe Craparo Faculty of Human and Social Sciences - University of Enna “Kore”, Enna, ItalyCorrespondence: Palmira Faraci, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of Enna “Kore”, Cittadella Universitaria, Enna, 94100, Italy, Tel +39 0935 536536, Email palmira.faraci@unikore.itIntroduction: The outbreak of the COVID-19 has largely impacted individuals’ health and lifestyles. This study aimed to investigate people’s psychological well-being during the second phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: We selected six indicators of psychological well-being: fear of COVID-19, loneliness, social interaction anxiety, generalized anxiety, PTSD, and depression. A sample of 231 Italian participants (56.3% women), with a mean age of 32.7 (SD=12.61), completed an online survey from February to March 2021, during the so called “second wave”. It included the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), the UCLA Loneliness Scale- Version 3, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Impact of Event Scale–Revised (IES-R), and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS).Results: Apart from loneliness, women reported lower levels of psychological well-being than men. Fairly good associations between all the detected variables were found. Based on a mediation model evaluation (in which generalized anxiety was introduced as a mediator in the relationship between fear of COVID-19, PTSD, loneliness, social interaction anxiety, and depression), except for social interaction anxiety, total and partial mediation effects suggested that generalized anxiety played a crucial role in exacerbating depressive symptoms during the pandemic.Conclusion: Our outcomes may expand the knowledge about the psychological well-being during the pandemic experience, with a focus on the mediating role of generalized anxiety.Keywords: pandemic, psychological well-being, mediation model, fear, loneliness, generalized anxiety